The Model of Medical Treatment Application in Bhesajjhandhaka Affecting to Thai Tradition of Medication

Abstract

This article aims 1) to study pharmaceutical substances mentioned in the Bhesajjakhandhaka, 2) to explore the principles of pharmacology in traditional Thai medicine, and 3) to propose models for applying pharmaceutical concepts from the Bhesajjakhandhaka to contemporary Thai medicine. This qualitative research involved a document analysis, interviews with 15 individuals, and expert review. The findings were presented in a descriptive format. Buddhism and traditional Thai medicine share a deep-rooted connection, particularly in the realm of pharmacology or the use of medicinal substances to treat illnesses. Both philosophies emphasize a holistic approach to healing, addressing both physical and mental ailments. The research results were found as follows; 1) The Buddha, recognizing the importance of physical health, introduced five substances: ghee, clarified butter, oil, honey, and molasses. These were used not only as medicines but also as food to prevent and treat various diseases. Moreover, the Buddha emphasized the significance of mental well-being, suggesting that some illnesses have psychological origins. Therefore, healing requires addressing both the body and the mind. Traditional Thai medicine has incorporated Buddhist principles of healing. It posits that diseases arise from imbalances in the body's four elements, which are linked to emotions such as greed, anger, and delusion. To address these imbalances, Thai medicine employs herbal remedies derived from plants, animals, and minerals. 2) The five substances mentioned in Buddhist texts have been adapted for use in traditional Thai medicine in various ways. For example: Ghee and clarified butter are used as ingredients in medicinal formulations or as dietary supplements. Oils are used in massage to relax muscles and alleviate pain. Honey and molasses are added to herbal mixtures to enhance taste and nutritional value, or consumed for their energizing properties. 3) There are four primary models for applying pharmaceutical concepts from the Bhesajjakhandhaka to contemporary Thai medicine: (1) disease treatment, (2) disease prevention, (3) promoting physical health, and (4) general wellness. The resulting model is termed CPSH.