Contents and message design in autism awareness campaign via See Amazing in All Children initiative

Main Article Content

Thiti Ponkosonsirilert
Thitinan Common

Abstract

Current research objective is to study how content and message design were presented in See Amazing in All Children initiative. In order to analyze campaign’s contents and message design, content analysis was applied to initiative’s materials. Analyzed materials included 28 ‘Videos for Kids’, 13 ‘Parent Videos’, 2 ‘Interactives for Kids’, 4 ‘Storybooks’, and 12 articles. The results were reported in descriptive analysis format. First, campaign’s contents were presented in 5 themes, namely, characteristics of people with autism, other autism-related issues, e.g., bullying and job opportunity, family of autism including their parents and sibling, preparation for people on the spectrum, and social inclusion. Second, analyzed results of message design were reported separately by types of materials. In ‘Video for kids’ found mostly inductive organization, climax order, and warmth-fun combining appeal. In ‘Parent Videos’, deductive organization, climax order, and warmth appeal were included particularly. ‘Interactives for Kids’ frequently contained deductive organization, anticlimax and pyramidal order, and fun appeal. ‘Story books’ largely consisted of inductive and deductive-inductive organization, climax order, fun and warmth-fun combining appeal. Finally, articles most often covered deductive organization, pyramidal order, warmth appeal. Interestingly, positive were predominant across all types of initiative’s material.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

จิราภา ศรีรัตน์, ประนอม รอดคำดี, และ สุนิศา สุขตระกูล. (2561). ประสบการณ์ของมารดาเด็กออทิสติกวัยเรียนที่รับรู้การถูกตีตรา. วารสารพยาบาลทหารบก, 19(2), 211-219.

ณัฏฐ์ชุดา วิจิตรจามจุรี. (2556). การสื่อสารเพื่อการโน้มน้าวใจ. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์.

นาถลดา ตะวันกาญจนโชติ. (2559). ทักษะทางสังคมของเด็กออทิสติกวัยเรียน. วารสารการพยาบาลจิตเวชและสุขภาพจิต, 30(2). 1-21.

มาโนช หล่อตระกูล และ ปราโมทย์ สุคนิชย์. (2558). จิตเวชศาสตร์ รามาธิบดี ฉบับเรียบเรียงครั้งที่ 4. กรุงเทพฯ: ภาควิชาจิตเวชศาสตร์ คณะแพทยศาสตร์โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล.

รินสุข องอาจสกุลมั่น, เสาวลักษณ์ หมื่นสุนทร, และ ฉัตรมงคล ฉ่ำมาก. (ม.ป.ป.). การสำรวจความชุกของกลุ่มอาการออทิซึมในเด็กอายุ 1-4 ปีในประเทศไท. วันที่เข้าถึงข้อมูล 16 พฤศจิกายน 2563 แหล่งที่มา https://ycap.go.th/research/318-การสำรวจความชุกของกลุ่มอาการออทิซึมในเด็กอายุ-1-4-ปีในประเทศไท

วรัฎฐา เจริญ, นารีรัตน์ เอกจีน, และ กิจจาพร ชื่นบุญ. (2564). การศึกษาคุณภาพชีวิตของบุคคลออทิสติกไทยวัยผู้ใหญ่. วารสารสถาบันจิตเวชศาสตร์สมเด็จเจ้าพระยา, 15(1), 1-13.

อมรทิพย์ สันตวิริยะพันธุ์, วรรัตน์ ปทุมเจริญวัฒนา, และ วีรฉัตร์ สุปัญโญ. (2563). แนวทางการส่งเสริมการเตรียมบุคคลออทิสติกเข้าสู่อาชีพโดยความร่วมมือระหว่างครอบครัว องค์กร และชุมชน. วารสารศึกษาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร, 17(2), 253-266.

Aaker, D. A., Stayman, D. M., & Hagerty, M. R. (1986). Warmth in advertising: Measurement, impact, and sequence effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(4), 365-381.

Alexander, P. A. (2005). The path to competence: A lifespan developmental perspective on reading. Journal of Literacy Research, 37(4), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15548430jlr3704_1

Altiere, M. J., & von Kluge, S. (2009). Searching for acceptance: Challenges encountered while raising a child with autism. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 34(2), 142-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250902845202

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.

Anthony, B. J., Robertson, H. A., Verbalis, A., Myrick, Y., Troxel, M., Seese, S., & Anthony, L. G. (2020). Increasing autism acceptance: The impact of the Sesame Street “See Amazing in All Children” initiative. Autism, 24(1), 95-108.

Bainbridge, N., & Smith Myles, B. (1999). The use of priming to introduce toilet training to a child with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 14(2), 106–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/108835769901400206

Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., … Dowling, N. F. (2018). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 Years - Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 67(6), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1

Berger, J., & Iyengar, R. (2013). Communication channels and word of mouth: How the medium shapes the message. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 567-579.

Bettinghaus, E. P. & Cody, M. J. (1971). Persuasive communication. New York, NY: Holt Rinehart and Winston.

Bettinghaus, E. P. & Cody, M. J. (1994). Persuasive communication (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Christensen, D. L., Bilder, D. A., Zahorodny, W., Pettygrove, S., Durkin, M. S., Fitzgerald, R. T., … Yeargin-Allsopp, M. (2016). Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among 4-year-old children in the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 37(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000235

Dickter, C. L., Burk, J. A., Anthony, L. G., Robertson, H. A., Verbalis, A., Seese, S., ... & Anthony, B. J. (2020). Assessment of Sesame Street online autism resources: Impacts on parental implicit and explicit attitudes toward children with autism. Autism, 25(1), 114-124.

Dillenburger, K., Jordan, J. A., McKerr, L., Devine, P., & Keenan, M. (2013). Awareness and knowledge of autism and autism interventions: A general population survey. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(12), 1558–1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.004

Dillenburger, K., McKerr, L., Jordan, J. A., Devine, P., & Keenan, M. (2015). Creating an inclusive society… How close are we in relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder? A general population survey. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(4), 330-340.

Eguiguren Istuany, O., & Wood, R. (2020). Perspectives on educational inclusion from a small sample of autistic pupils in Santiago, Chile. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 22(1), 210-220. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.724

Fukuoka, W., & Spyridakis, J. H. (2000). Japanese readers' comprehension of and preferences for inductively versus deductively organized text. IEEE transactions on professional communication, 43(4), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.1109/47.888811

Gengoux, G. W. (2015). Priming for social activities: Effects on interactions between children with autism and typically developing peers. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 17(3), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300714561862

Gillespie-Lynch, K., Brooks, P., Someki, F., Obeid, R., Shane-Simpson, C., Kapp, S., … Smith, D. (2015). Changing college students’ conceptions of autism: An online training to increase knowledge and decrease stigma. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 45(8), 2553–2566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2422-9

Geuens, M., & Pelsmacker, P. D. (1998). Need for cognition and the moderating role of the intensity of warm and humorous advertising appeals. in K. Hung & K. B. Monroe (Eds.), AP - Asia Pacific advances in consumer research (Volume 3, pp. 74-80). UT: Association for Consumer Research.

Holt, J. M., & Christensen, K. M. (2013). Utahns' understanding of autism spectrum disorder. Disability and Health Journal, 6(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2012.08.002

Hornik, J., Ofir, C. & Rachamim, M. (2016). Quantitative evaluation of persuasive appeals using comparative meta-analysis, The Communication Review, 19(3), 192-222, https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2016.1195204

Kuroshima, H., Kurahata, H., & Fujita, K. (2008). Learning from others’ mistakes in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Animal Cognition, 11(4), 599-609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-008-0150-7

Macks, R. J., & Reeve, R. E. (2007). The adjustment of non-disabled siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(6), 1060-1067. DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0249-0

McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., & Feinberg, M. E. (2016). Siblings of youth with autism spectrum disorders: Theoretical perspectives on sibling relationships and individual adjustment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(2), 589-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2611-6

Monahan, J. L. (1995). Thinking positively: Using positive affect when designing health messages. In E. Maibach & R. L. Parrott (Eds.), Designing health messages: Approaches from communication theory and public health practice (p. 81–98). Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452233451.n5

O’Keffe, D. J. (2012). From psychological theory to message design: Lessons from the story of gain-framed and loss-framed persuasive message. in H. Cho (Eds.), Health communication message design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing Limited.

Pfau, M. & Parrott, R. (1993). Persuasive communication campaigns. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Poris, M. (2005). Understanding what fun means to today? s kids. Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 7(1), 14-22.

Rice, R. E., & Atkin, C. K. (Eds.). (2013). Public communication campaigns (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rogers, E. M. & Storey, J. D. (1987). Communication campaigns. In C. R. Berger & S. H. Chaffee (Eds.), Handbook of communication science. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Røgeskov, M. L., Hansen, H., & Bengtsson, S. (2015). A comparison of social life among 11-year-old disabled children and 11-year-olds in general. In R. Traustadóttir, B. Ytterhus, S. T. Egilson, & B. Berg (Eds.), Childhood and disability in the Nordic countries: Being, becoming, belonging (pp. 101-114). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Salleh, N. S., Abdullah, K. L., Yoong, T. L., Jayanath, S., & Husain, M. (2020). Parents' experiences of affiliate stigma when caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 55, 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.09.002

Spyridakis, J. H., & Fukuoka, W. (2002). The effect of inductively versus deductively organized text on American and Japanese readers. IEEE transactions on professional communication, 45(2), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2002.1003692

Sternberg, R. J. & Sternberg, K. (2017). Cognitive psychology (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning Center.

Tøssebro, J. (2015). Disabled children and welfare policy in the Nordic countries: Historical notes. In R. Traustadóttir, B. Ytterhus, S. T. Egilson, & B. Berg (Eds.), Childhood and disability in the Nordic countries: Being, becoming, belonging (pp. 35-50). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

United Nations. (2016). Leaving No One Behind: The Imperative of Inclusive Development. Report on the world social situation 2016. New York, NY: United Nations publication. Retrieved November 16, 2020 from https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2016/full-report.pdf

Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000). A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health Education & Behavior, 27(5), 591-615.

Yoshida, H. (1979). The presentation of themes as an aid to the integration of meaning in reading: The effect of the division of theme into its constituents. Japanese Psychological Research, 21(2), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.21.88