Article Review: The 18th Century Aesthetics and Their Associations with Landscape Architecture and Environmental Art
Main Article Content
Abstract
The beautiful, the sublime, and the picturesque were three key concepts of aesthetics originated in philosophical context of the 18th century. Together, they outlined the variety of aesthetically significant experiences. The article aims to review historical roots of the three aesthetics and how they were associated with landscape architecture and environmental art, both of which concerned with shaping the land and environment. Subsequently, the article discusses associations between the English Landscape School - landscape architecture embraced by the 18th century three aesthetics and the ecological design - modern landscape architectural design theme primarily dominated by Ian McHarg in the 1960s. Conclusively, the article critically discussed lessons learned from the associations and how landscape architecture should be shaped forward.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All material is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, unless otherwise stated. As such, authors are free to share, copy, and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The authors must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The authors may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. The authors may not use the material for commercial purposes. If the authors remix, transform, or build upon the material, they may not distribute the modified material, unless permission is obtained from JARS. Final, accepted versions of the paper may be posted on third party repositories, provided appropriate acknowledgement to the original source is clearly noted.
References
Balmori Associates (2015). Selected Projects: Balmori Associates. Retrieved December 14, 2015 from http://www.balmori.com/projects/
Balmori, D. & Sanders, J. (2011). Ground Work: Between Landscape and Architecture. New York: The Monacelli Press.
Batey, M. (1994). “The Picturesque: An Overview” Garden History, 22(2), 121-132.
Beardsley, J. (1998). Earthworks and Beyond. (3rd ed). New York: Abbeville Press Publisher.
Birksted, J. K. (2004). “Landscape History and Theory: from Subject Matter to Analytic Tool.” Landscape Review. 8(2), 4-28.
Burke, E. (1757). Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful. London: Oxford University Press.
Center for Land Use Interpretation. (2015). Pratt Farm: The Center for Land Use Interpretation. Retrieved from http://clui.org/ludb/site/pratt-farm
Commandeur, I. & Riemsdijk-Zandee, T. V. (2012). Robert Smithson Art in Continual Movement. Amsterdam: Alauda Publications.
Conon, M. (2000). Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture. Washington DC.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Ellison, A. M. (2013). The Suffocating Embrace of Landscape and the Picturesque Conditioning of Ecology. Landscape Journal, 32(1), 79-94.
Graziani, R. (2004). Robert Smithson and the American Landscape. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Herrington, S. (2006). Framed Again: The Picturesque Aesthetics of Contemporary Landscapes. Landscape Journal, 25(1), 22-37.
Hogarth, W. (1753). The Analysis of Beauty. London: Olms.
Kant I. (1790). Critique of Judgment. Lanham: Dancing Unicon Book.
Kastner, J. (1998). Land and Environmental Art. London: Phaidon.
Kelly, M. (1998). Encyclopedia of Aesthetics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Knight, Richard P. (1794). The Landscape, a Didactic Poem. London: Thoemmes.
Knight, R. P. (1805). An Analytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste. (2nd Ed). London: J. White.
Litton, R.B. (1972). Aesthetic Dimensions of the Landscape. In Krutilla, J.V. (Ed.), Natural Environments. (pp. 262-291). Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Martin, T. D. (2011). Robert Smithson and the Anglo-American Picturesque. In P. R. (Ed.), Anglo-American Exchange in Postwar Sculpture, 1945-1975. (pp. 164-175). Los Angeles: Getty Publications.
McHarg, I. (1969). Design With Nature. New York: Garden City.
Muenchen (2015). English Garden. Retrieved December 11, 2015 from http://www.muenchen.de/int/en/sights/parks/english-garden.html
National Gallery (2019). Artists: National Gallery. Retrieved February 15, 2019 from https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/explore-the-paintings/artist-a-to-z
Newton, N. T. (1971). Design on the Land: Development of Landscape Architecture. London: Harvard University Press.
Pregill, P. & Volkman, N. (1993). Landscapes in History: Design and Planning in the Western Tradition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Price, U. (1794). The Picturesque (1747 – 1829). London: Boydell Press.
Richard Long (2015). A Line in Ireland: Richard Long Website. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from http://www.richardlong.org/Sculptures/2011sculptures/lineireland.html
Riparia (2015). Our Projects. Retrieved December 11, 2015 from http://riparia.ca/
Sasaki Associates (2015). Frito Lay Headquarters: Sasaki Associates. Retrieved October 11, 2015 from http://www.sasaki.com/project/203/fritolay-headquarters
Smithson, R. (1973). Frederick Law Olmstead and the Dialectical Landscape. In Flam, J. (Ed.), Robert Smithson, the Collected Writings (pp.164 - 174). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Spirn, A. W. (2000). Ian McHarg, Landscape Architecture, and Environmentalism: Ideas and Methods. In Conan, M. (Ed.), Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture (pp. 97-114). Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks,
Steenbergen, Clemens and Reh, Wouter (2003). Architecture and Landscape: The Design Experiment of the Great European Gardens and Landscapes. Basel: Birkhauser Publisher.
Strelow, H. & David, V. (2004). Ecological Aesthetics: Art in Environmental Design: Theory and Practice. Basel: BirkhauserVerlag AG.
Sweeting, A. (1996). Reading Houses and Building Books: Andrew Jackson Downing and the Architecture of Popular Antebellum Literature, 1835-55. New Hampshire: University Press of New England.
Tate (2015). Glossary of Art Terms. Retrieved August 8, 2015 from http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary.
Tatum, G. B. (1951). The Beautiful and the Picturesque. American Quarterly. 3(1) 36-51.
The Telegraph (2015). Five free things to do in Munich: The Telegraph. Retrieved September 9, 2015 from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/budgettravel/8280953/Five-free-things-to-do-in-Munich.html.
Thompson, I. H. (1999). Ecology, Community, and Delight: Source and Values in Landscape Architecture. London: Spon Press.
Thompson, I. H. (2014). Landscape Architecture: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Townsend, D. (1997). The Picturesque. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 55(4) 365- 376.
Treib, M. (1994). Axioms for a Modern American Landscape Architecture. In Marc T. (1994) Modern Landscape Architecture: A Critical Review (pp.34-66). Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Treib, M. (2011). Must Landscape Mean? Approaches to Significance in Recent Landscape Architecture. In Marc T. (Ed.) Meaning in Landscape Architecture and Gardens (pp. 46-62). New York: Routledge.
University of Pennsylvania School of Design (2015). Architectural Archives: University of Pennsylvania School of Design. Retrieved November 14, 2019 from https://www.design.upenn.edu/architectural-archives/ian-lennox-mcharg-collection-109
Walker, P. (1998). Invisible Gardens: The Search for Modernism in American Landscape. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.Web Gallery of Art (2019).
Web Gallery of Art. Retrieved February 22, 2019 from https://www.wga.hu