Energy & Environmental Rating Systems for Measuring Green Building Performances
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Abstract
Under current energy and environmental concerns, buildings are targeted as problems required immediate
solutions. Generally, buildings consume plenty of resources, produce unwanted wastes, and sometimes demote
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). Given these negative impacts, Green Building was introduced as an
answer to mitigate the current energy and environmental problems. Architects, engineers, and practitioners
quickly adopt this green building idea but the direction was both diversified and unclear. At that time, proclaimed
green building seems to be just promise lacking of solid evidences. Energy & Environmental rating system
was initially proposed as a campaign attempting to quantify green buildings. Different measures were taken
and then weighted for scoring purposes. Using these scores, green buildings are possible to be quantified
and ranked afterward. In this review article, not only the rating systems, i.e. BREEAM, Green Star, and Green
Globe, TEEAM, will be overviewed, but also LEED, the most dominating system in US, will be discussed
in detail. The simplicity by having six sustainability measures including sustainable site, water efficiency,
energy and atmosphere, material and resources, IEQ, and innovation in design, are the key success of LEED
rating system. Moreover, the flexibility of having different compliance methods and scoring options makes many
designers are in favor of this approach. By using performance-base compliance method, designers can compare
their design against the base case for winning the higher performances such as energy cost. The score will
then be interpolated and given by exceeding performances. In order to obtain high scores, practices and
technologies that are acknowledged by rating systems, particularly LEED, should be systematically strategized.
Xeriscaping, Green Roof, Geothermal Cooling, Displacement Ventilation, and Demand Control Ventilation, are
the examples of such technologies that greatly promote the scores across multiple categories. By reviewing
compositions, mechanism, practice, and technologies of green building rating systems, this article should be
a useful source for practitioners who will or already involve in any green building project and looking forward
to quantify their buildings with any rating system in the near future.
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