The Prospect of Urban Geometry Impact on Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Bangkok
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Abstract
This research focused on the prospect of urban geometry base on possibility of building at the maximum allowance of current of regulations, and the impact on urban heat island phenomenon in Bangkok Metropolitan. The study is done through prediction of the street canyons of selected case studies. Study areas are based on land use planning issued by Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA) where comparison is made between urban high density (marked as red) and rural (marked as green). Selected area in Petchaburi and Suwinthawong are chosen to represent urban and rural areas respectively, which the main road of both areas are E – W orientation. The urban geometry model of both areas are created by the combination of data from BMA land use plan, transportation projection plan, as well as related building regulations. It appears that the height to width ratio (H/W) along the main road inside the constructed street canyon modeled are 1.7 and 0.2 for urban and rural areas consecutively. Both models are tested using simulations through ENVI-met software. Air temperature data is set to collect at 1.5 meters above ground level on main and side roads of both cases. The results show that Bangkok urban geometry as constructed in accordance with all related laws and regulations to date will have impacts on diurnal and nocturnal urban heat island in the summer time. The maximum heat island intensity is 4.12 Celsius at 1pm. This is due to the dense urban area can reflect less heat than the countryside. Therefore this study provides a method of constructing urban geometry from current laws and regulations to forecast urban heat island and this can be used as a basis for a creation of guideline for lessening the impact of urban heat island in most urban areas.
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