Dowry Culture in Chinese Society: Symbolic and Gender Implications

Abstract

          This study examines the persistence and transformation of dowry culture in contemporary Chinese society, focusing on how dowry practices reflect and reinforce gender roles and power relations, and how they function as a culturally embedded system of social exchange between families. Drawing on Bronislaw Malinowski’s analysis of the Kula Ring and Victor Turner’s theory of symbolism, the study conceptualizes dowry as a ritualized exchange situated within gender relations and kinship structures. A qualitative research design integrates a literature review, case analysis, and semi-structured interviews. Ten key informants were selected through purposive sampling, including married couples, parents, and young adults preparing for marriage. The findings indicate that dowry continues to serve as a symbolic expression of marital commitment and familial obligation, while sustaining social relationships and affirming family prestige. Its significance extends beyond material value to encompass the negotiation of social expectations, gendered responsibilities, and relationships between families. Contemporary Chinese dowry culture emerges as a dynamic social phenomenon shaped by the interaction of traditional customs, changing economic conditions, and evolving social values. Although it retains the symbolic significance associated with historical marriage rituals and family relationships, its contemporary expressions are influenced by demographic patterns, financial pressures, and social competition. The study suggests that continued social development, policy guidance, and changing attitudes among younger generations may encourage more moderate and simplified dowry practices. Nevertheless, dowry is likely to retain an enduring place in Chinese marriage culture.