การเรียกร้องของภาคประชาสังคมเกาหลีใต้กรณีหญิงบำเรอทหารญี่ปุ่น: การตั้งรูปปั้นหญิงบำเรอในต่างประเทศ
คำสำคัญ:
หญิงบำเรอ, ภาคประชาสังคมเกาหลีใต้, สิทธิมนุษยชน, สิทธิสตรี, เครือข่ายประชาสังคมข้ามชาติบทคัดย่อ
บทความนี้ มุ่งศึกษาบทบาทของภาคประชาสังคมเกาหลีใต้ในการตั้งรูปปั้นหญิงบำเรอในต่างประเทศ ว่ามีวิธีดำเนินการอย่างไร จึงสามารถนำรูปปั้นไปตั้งในต่างแดนได้ โดยศึกษาการดำเนินงานหลังการลงนามข้อตกลงยุติความขัดแย้งกรณีหญิงบำเรอวันที่ 28 ธันวาคม 2015 ของภาคประชาสังคมเกาหลีใต้ 3 กลุ่ม ได้แก่ สมาคมชาวเกาหลีเพื่อผู้หญิงที่ถูกใช้บำเรอทหารญี่ปุ่น (the Korean Council for Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan: the Korean Council), ภาคประชาสังคมเมือง ฮวาซ็อง (Hwaseong city civic group) และภาคประชาสังคมเมืองซูวอน (Suwon city civic group) ซึ่งถือเป็นกลุ่มสำคัญที่สะท้อนถึงความต่อเนื่องของการนำประเด็นปัญหาไปสู่เวทีนานาชาติ ทั้งนี้ การศึกษาชี้ให้เห็นว่า การนำรูปปั้นหญิงบำเรอไปตั้งในต่างประเทศนั้น ภาคประชาสังคมเกาหลีใต้ได้สร้างความร่วมมือในต่างประเทศภายใต้กรอบการมีประสบการณ์ร่วมกันและอุดมการณ์สากลอย่างสิทธิมนุษยชนและสิทธิสตรีซึ่งมีความสำคัญอย่างยิ่งในปัจจุบัน เพื่อสร้างความร่วมมือกับกลุ่มประเทศที่เคยตกเป็นอาณานิคมของญี่ปุ่น และกลุ่มองค์กรในต่างแดน
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เอกสารอ้างอิง
BBC News. (2015, December 28). Japan and South Korea agree WW2 'comfort women' deal. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35188135
Board of Supervisors. (2015, September 22). Resolution urging the City and County of San Francisco to establish a memorial for "Comfort Women" and to educate the community about stopping global human trafficking of women and girls. Retrieved from https://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/resolutions15/r0342-15.pdf
Hankyoreh. (2016, December 11). Comfort woman statue in Washington DC seeking a permanent home. Retrieved 2018, May 2, from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e
international/774140.html
Herbermann, N. (2000). The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbrück Concentration Camp for Women, trans. Hester Baer. Michigan: Wayne State University Press.
Hooks, B. (2015). Feminist theory: From margin to center. New York: Routhledge.
Hwang, E. (2016). Politics of statue: Peace monument and the personification of memory. EPIK Journals Online 7(1): Retrieved April 25, 2018, from https://www.eai.or.kr/main/search_view.asp?intSeq=6867&board=kor_report
Japan Times. (2016, September 8). Europe’s first ‘comfort women’ statue planned for German city. Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/08/national/plan-afoot-install-europes-first-comfort-women-statuefreiburg/#.Wyv5KaczbIU
Muta, K. (2016). The ‘Comfort Women’ issue and the embedded culture of sexual violence in contemporary Japan. Current Sociology Monograph 64(4), 620- 636.
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activist beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. United States of America: Cornell University Press.
Kern, T., & Nam, S. (2009). The Korean Comfort Women Movement and the Formation of a Public Sphere in East Asia. in F. Rüdiger, J.E. Hoare, P. Köllner, & S. Pares (Eds.), Korea Yearbook 2009: Politics, Economy and Society (pp. 227-255). Leiden: Brill.
Kumagai, N. (2016). The Comfort Women: Historical, Political, and Moral Perspectives. (David Noble, Trans.). Tokyo: International House of Japan.
Reuters. (2018, August 14). South Korea marks first ‘comfort women’ day, jointed by protestors in Taiwan. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-asia-comfortwomen/south-korea-marks-first-comfort-women-day-joined-by-protestors-in-taiwan-idUSKBN1KZ07O
Rienzi, G. (2015). Other nations could learn from Germany’s effort to reconcile after WWII. Johns Hopkins University (summer). Retrieved May 30, 2018, from https://hub.jhu.edu/magazine/2015/summer/germany-japan-reconciliation/
Shanghaiist. (2015, December 5). First Chinese memorial commemorating the suffering of ‘comfort women’ opens in Nanjing. Retrieved from https://shanghaiist.com/2015/12/02/comfort_women_memorial_opensin_nanjing/
Son, E. W. (2018). Embodied reckoning: “comfort women,” performance, and transpacific regress. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
South China Morning Post. (2016). Learn from the past to build a better world, ‘comfort women’ historian urges young Chinese. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2039979/look-past-build-better-world-comfort-women-historia
Stetz, M. D., & Oh, Bonnie B. C. (2015). Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II. New York: Routledge.
The Asahi Shimbun. (2017, November 24). Osaka to cut ties to San Francisco over ‘comfort women’ statue. Retrieved from https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201711240033.html
The DC Mayor’s Office on Asian and Pacific Islander Affairs (MOAPIA). (2007). Government Resources. Retrieved from https://apia.dc.gov/page/government-resources
The Dong-A Ilbo. (2016, October 24). Comfort women statues set up for the first time in China. Retrieved from https://english.donga.com/3/all/26/766669/1
The Korea herald. (2014, August 24). In solidarity with wartime rape victims. Retrieved from https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140824000084
The Korea Times. (2017, March 15). Japan seeks to remove first 'Girl Statue' in Europe. Retrieved July 1, 2018, from https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2017/03/12_ 225735.html
The Washington post. (2018, January 22). Japan’s prime minister could solve the ‘comfort women’ issue once and for all. So why won’t he?. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/democracy-post/wp/2018/01/22/japans-prime-minister-could-solve-the-comfort-women-issue-once-and-for-all-so-why wonthe/?utm_term=.34f0bb0e8dd9
Tsutsui, K. (2006). Redressing past Human Rights Violations: Global Dimensions of Contemporary Social Movements. Social Forces. 85 (1), 331-354.
United Nations, (2014). Women’s rights are human rights, New York and Geneva: UnitedNations.
Winanti, P. S., & Hanif, H. (2014). Transnational Advocacy for Advocating Governance Reform in Extractive Industries in ASEAN: Make Transparency Works. Paper presented at International Conference on ASEAN Studies 2014 (ICONAS): Yogyakarta. (Mimeographed)
Yonhap News Agency. (2017, March 9). Statue remembering Korea's comfort women erected in Germany. Retrieved from https://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2017/03/09/0302000000AEN20170309000251315.html
Board of Supervisors. (2015, September 22). Resolution urging the City and County of San Francisco to establish a memorial for "Comfort Women" and to educate the community about stopping global human trafficking of women and girls. Retrieved from https://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/resolutions15/r0342-15.pdf
Hankyoreh. (2016, December 11). Comfort woman statue in Washington DC seeking a permanent home. Retrieved 2018, May 2, from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e
international/774140.html
Herbermann, N. (2000). The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbrück Concentration Camp for Women, trans. Hester Baer. Michigan: Wayne State University Press.
Hooks, B. (2015). Feminist theory: From margin to center. New York: Routhledge.
Hwang, E. (2016). Politics of statue: Peace monument and the personification of memory. EPIK Journals Online 7(1): Retrieved April 25, 2018, from https://www.eai.or.kr/main/search_view.asp?intSeq=6867&board=kor_report
Japan Times. (2016, September 8). Europe’s first ‘comfort women’ statue planned for German city. Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/08/national/plan-afoot-install-europes-first-comfort-women-statuefreiburg/#.Wyv5KaczbIU
Muta, K. (2016). The ‘Comfort Women’ issue and the embedded culture of sexual violence in contemporary Japan. Current Sociology Monograph 64(4), 620- 636.
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activist beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. United States of America: Cornell University Press.
Kern, T., & Nam, S. (2009). The Korean Comfort Women Movement and the Formation of a Public Sphere in East Asia. in F. Rüdiger, J.E. Hoare, P. Köllner, & S. Pares (Eds.), Korea Yearbook 2009: Politics, Economy and Society (pp. 227-255). Leiden: Brill.
Kumagai, N. (2016). The Comfort Women: Historical, Political, and Moral Perspectives. (David Noble, Trans.). Tokyo: International House of Japan.
Reuters. (2018, August 14). South Korea marks first ‘comfort women’ day, jointed by protestors in Taiwan. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-asia-comfortwomen/south-korea-marks-first-comfort-women-day-joined-by-protestors-in-taiwan-idUSKBN1KZ07O
Rienzi, G. (2015). Other nations could learn from Germany’s effort to reconcile after WWII. Johns Hopkins University (summer). Retrieved May 30, 2018, from https://hub.jhu.edu/magazine/2015/summer/germany-japan-reconciliation/
Shanghaiist. (2015, December 5). First Chinese memorial commemorating the suffering of ‘comfort women’ opens in Nanjing. Retrieved from https://shanghaiist.com/2015/12/02/comfort_women_memorial_opensin_nanjing/
Son, E. W. (2018). Embodied reckoning: “comfort women,” performance, and transpacific regress. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
South China Morning Post. (2016). Learn from the past to build a better world, ‘comfort women’ historian urges young Chinese. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2039979/look-past-build-better-world-comfort-women-historia
Stetz, M. D., & Oh, Bonnie B. C. (2015). Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II. New York: Routledge.
The Asahi Shimbun. (2017, November 24). Osaka to cut ties to San Francisco over ‘comfort women’ statue. Retrieved from https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201711240033.html
The DC Mayor’s Office on Asian and Pacific Islander Affairs (MOAPIA). (2007). Government Resources. Retrieved from https://apia.dc.gov/page/government-resources
The Dong-A Ilbo. (2016, October 24). Comfort women statues set up for the first time in China. Retrieved from https://english.donga.com/3/all/26/766669/1
The Korea herald. (2014, August 24). In solidarity with wartime rape victims. Retrieved from https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140824000084
The Korea Times. (2017, March 15). Japan seeks to remove first 'Girl Statue' in Europe. Retrieved July 1, 2018, from https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2017/03/12_ 225735.html
The Washington post. (2018, January 22). Japan’s prime minister could solve the ‘comfort women’ issue once and for all. So why won’t he?. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/democracy-post/wp/2018/01/22/japans-prime-minister-could-solve-the-comfort-women-issue-once-and-for-all-so-why wonthe/?utm_term=.34f0bb0e8dd9
Tsutsui, K. (2006). Redressing past Human Rights Violations: Global Dimensions of Contemporary Social Movements. Social Forces. 85 (1), 331-354.
United Nations, (2014). Women’s rights are human rights, New York and Geneva: UnitedNations.
Winanti, P. S., & Hanif, H. (2014). Transnational Advocacy for Advocating Governance Reform in Extractive Industries in ASEAN: Make Transparency Works. Paper presented at International Conference on ASEAN Studies 2014 (ICONAS): Yogyakarta. (Mimeographed)
Yonhap News Agency. (2017, March 9). Statue remembering Korea's comfort women erected in Germany. Retrieved from https://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2017/03/09/0302000000AEN20170309000251315.html
ดาวน์โหลด
เผยแพร่แล้ว
2019-06-30
รูปแบบการอ้างอิง
Liangchoosak, S. (2019). การเรียกร้องของภาคประชาสังคมเกาหลีใต้กรณีหญิงบำเรอทหารญี่ปุ่น: การตั้งรูปปั้นหญิงบำเรอในต่างประเทศ. Thai Journal of East Asian Studies, 23(1), 286–303. สืบค้น จาก https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easttu/article/view/213472
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