Evolving Millennial Preferences: the Role of Rural–Based Wellness Tourism in Post–Pandemic Development

Main Article Content

Parichat Suntararak
Watsida Boonyanmethaporn

Abstract

This study investigates the evolving preferences of millennial travelers in the context of rural-based wellness tourism post-pandemic, highlighting its potential to drive sustainable tourism growth. By surveying 424 international tourists and analyzing literature, the research identifies key attributes of wellness destinations that appeal to millennials, including unique rural locations, indigenous healing practices, and wellness activities like meditation, traditional Thai medicine, and Thai massage. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating local culture, mindfulness activities, and authentic experiences in enhancing millennial engagement. Strategic insights provided by this study offer a roadmap for rural tourism stakeholders to attract and retain millennial tourists, contributing to cultural preservation and sustainable development in post-pandemic travel.

Article Details

How to Cite
Suntararak, P., & Boonyanmethaporn, W. (2026). Evolving Millennial Preferences: the Role of Rural–Based Wellness Tourism in Post–Pandemic Development. Journal of Cultural Approach, 27(51), 95–112. retrieved from https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/cultural_approach/article/view/273860
Section
Research Article

References

Airbnb. (2022). Travel Trends Report: How Millennials are Shaping the Future of Travel. Airbnb Reports.

Ardhala, M., Santoso, T. A. & Sulistyarso, H. (2016). Factor Analysis on Tourism Destination Attributes Using Principle Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation. Journal of Tourism Research, 18(2), 115–130.

Cavagnaro, E., Staffieri, S. & Postma, A. (2018). Understanding Millennials’ Tourism Experience: Values and Meaning to Travel as a Key for Identifying Target Clusters for Youth (Sustainable) Tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 31–42.

Cheng, M. (2019). 8 Characteristics of Millennials that Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://www.forbes.com/sites/margueritacheng/2019/06/19/8-characteristics-of-millennials-that-support-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/

Crouch, G. I. (2010). Destination Competitiveness: An Analysis of Determinant Attibutes. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 27–45.

Deloitte. (2020). Global Millenial Survey 2020: Resilience in the Face of Adversity. Deloitte Insights.

Didaskalou, E., Lagos, D. & Nastos, P. (2009). Wellness Tourism: Evaluating Destination Attributes for Tourism Planning in a Competitive Segment Market. Tourismos, 4(4).

Dimock, M. (2019). Defining Generations: Where Millennial End and Generation Z Begins. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins

Dryglas, D. & Salamaga, M. (2017). Applying Destination Attribute Segmentation to Health Tourists: A Case Study of Polish Spa Resorts. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(4), 503–514.

Dunn, H. L. (1959). High–Level Wellness for Man and Society. American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health, 49(6), 786–792.

Escandon–Barbosa, D., Hurtado–Ayala, J. & Salas–Paramo, J. A. (2020). Identification of Consumption Patterns: An Empirical Study in Millennials. Young Consumers, 22(1), 90–111.

Fabrigar, L. R. & Wegener, D. T. (2011). Exploratory Factor Analysis. Oxford University Press.

Fink, A. (2015). How to Conduct Surveys: A Step–by–Step Guide. Sage Publications.

Glen, S. (2016). Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) Test for Sampling Adequacy. https://www.statisticshowto.com/kaiser-meyer-olkin/

Global Wellness Institute (GWI). (2017). Global Wellness Economy Monitor. GWI.

Global Wellness Institute (GWI). (2023). Global Wellness Economy Monitor. GWI.

Goodrich, J. N. & Goodrich, G. E. (1987). Health–care Tourism: An Exploratory Study. Tourism Management, 8(3), 217–222.

Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice–Hall.

Haldar, S. K. (2018). Mineral Exploration: Principles and Applications. Elsevier.

Hall, C. M. (1992). Adventure, Sport and Health Tourism. In Weiler, B. & Hall, C. M. (Eds.), Special Interest Tourism. Belhaven Press.

Han, H., Kiatkawsin, K., Jung, H. & Kim, W. (2018). The Role of Wellness Spa Tourism Performance in Building Destination Loyalty: the Case of Thailand. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(5), 595–610.

Han, H., Lee, S. & Lee, C. K. (2017). Thai Spa’s Service Quality and Performance: A Customer–Centered Approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(3), 893–911.

Heung, V. C. S. & Kucukusta, D. (2013). Wellness Tourism in China: Resources, Development and Marketing. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(4), 346–359.

Hritz, N. M., Sidman, C. L. & D’Abundo, M. L. (2014). Segmenting the College Educated Generation Y Health and Wellness Traveler. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(1), 132–145.

Huang, L. & Xu, H. (2018). Therapeutic Landscapes and Longevity: Wellness Tourism in Bama. Social Science & Medicine, 197, 24–32.

Hurma, H., Turksoy, H. G. & Inan, O. (2016). Rural Tourism and the Importance of Tourism in Rural Development. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 2(3), 1075–1082.

Jagyasi, P. (2015). Dr.Prem’s Guide Wellness Tourism. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Kanittinsuttitong, N. (2018). Market Demand and Capacity of Wellness Tourism in Thailand. The 26th International Society for Business Innovation and Technology Management Conference, Bangkok.

Kelly, C. (2012). Wellness Tourism: Retreat Visitor Motivations and Experiences. Tourism Recreation Research, 37(3), 205–213.

Konul, J. (2012). Wellness: A New Mode of Tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(1), 55–69.

Koskinen, V. & Wilska, T. A. (2018). Identifying and Understanding Spa Tourists’ Wellness Attitudes. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1–9.

Kucukusta, D. & Heung, V. C. S. (2012). The Problems of Developing Wellness Tourism in China: From Supply Perspective. Journal of China Tourism Research, 8(2), 146–158.

Lee, C. F., Ou, W. M. & Huang, H. I. (2009). A Study of Destination Attractiveness through Domestic Visitors’ Perspectives: the Case of Taiwan’s Hot Springs Tourism Sector. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 14, 17–38.

Lee, T. H., Paek, J. S., Yang, H. H. & Kim, H. B. (2009). Hot Springs and Wellness: Key Attributes in Taiwan’s Wellness Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(2), 176–189.

Lusby, C. (2015). Perceptions and Preferences of Wellness Travel Destinations of American Travelers. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 3(1), 23–28.

Medina–Muñoz, D. R. & Medina–Muñoz, R. D. (2014a). The Attractiveness of Wellness Destinations: An Importance – Performance – Satisfaction Approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(6), 521–533.

Medina–Muñoz, D. R. & Medina–Muñoz, R. D. (2014b). Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty in Wellness Tourism: A Case of European Spa Resorts. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2(2), 21–34.

Miller, T. S. (2005). The Birth of the Hospital in the Byzantine Empire. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Mueller, H. & Kaufmann, E. L. (2001). Wellness Tourism: Market Analysis of a Special Health Tourism Segment and Implications for the Hotel Industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(1), 5–17.

Nair, V., Munikrishnan, U., Rajaratnam, S. D. & King, N. (2015). Redefining Rural Tourism in Malaysia: A Conceptual Perspective. Asia–Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 4(1), 1–16.

Narayanaswamy, V. (1981). Foundations of Ayurveda. Ancient Science of Life, 1(1), 4–7.

Newman, D. (2015). Research Shows Millennial don’t Respond to Ads. https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielnewman/2015/04/28/research-shows-millennials-dont-respond-to-ads/

Organisation for Economic Co–operation and Development (OECD). (1994). Tourism Strategies and Rural Development. OECD Publishing.

Pesonen, J. & Komppula, R. (2010). Rural Wellbeing Tourism: Motivations and Expectations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 17(1), 150–158.

Ravichandran, S. & Suresh, S. (2010). Using Wellness Services to Position and Promote Brand India. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 11(2), 200–217.

Rodriguez, Á., Kastenholz, E. & Rodrigues, A. (2010). Hiking as a Wellness Activity – An Exploratory Study of Hiking Tourists in Portugal. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16, 331–343.

Romão, J., Machino, A. & Nijkamp, P. (2018). Impact of Culture on Tourism: A Study of Southern European Countries. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 8(3), 1-20.

Skift. (2021). How the Wellness Economy is Being Reshaped by Millennials. Skift Reports.

Smith, M. & Kelly, C. (2006). Wellness Tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 31(1), 1–4.

Smith, T. J. & Nichols, T. (2015). Understanding the Millennial Generation. The Journal of Business Diversity, 15, 39–47.

Tharakan, Y. G. (2014). A Comprehensive Model for Development of Sustainable Health and Wellness Tourism Destination at Manipal. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems, 7(1), 12–26.

Travis, J. W. (2018). Wellness Workbook: How to Achieve Enduring Health and Vitality. Celestial Arts.

Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E. & Kim, H. (2016). Quality of Life (QOL) and Well–being Research in Tourism. Tourism Management, 53, 244–261.

Veiga, C., Custódio Santos, M., Águas, P. & Santos, J. A. C. (2017). Are Millennials Transforming Global Tourism? Challenges for Destinations and Companies. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 9(6), 603–616.

Voigt, C., Brown, G. & Howat, G. (2011). Wellness Tourists: in Search of Transformation. Tourism Review, 66(1/2), 16–30.

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2021). Rural Tourism: Unlocking Opportunities. UNWTO.

Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis. Harper and Row.