A study of the meaning and intention of using Numbers in Chinese idioms

Abstract

This research aims to examine the intention behind the use of numbers that appear in Chinese idioms and to study the meanings of numbers within idioms that contain numerical elements. The study focuses specifically on four-syllable idioms that include the numbers “一至九” (one to nine), “十” (ten), “百” (hundred), “千” (thousand), and “万” (ten thousand), selected from the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary, 2nd edition (2001), totaling 162 idioms. These idioms are analyzed in relation to the meanings of numbers in the Chinese language.

     The research findings reveal that numbers in Chinese idioms do not merely indicate quantity, but also reflect cultural ideologies and the values of Chinese society. The number that appears most frequently is “一” (one), found in 77 idioms, representing unity and significance. The second most frequent number is “三” (three), found in 16 idioms, which is associated with balance and perfection. Other numbers such as “四” (four), “五” (five), “八” (eight), and “九” (nine) appear in 3–4 idioms. Meanwhile, the numbers “十” (ten), “百” (hundred), “千” (thousand), and “万” (ten thousand) appear in 10–16 idioms and are often used to express quantitative meanings or comparisons.

    In terms of communicative intention, the most frequent intention found is appreciation, appearing in 58 idioms. This is followed by the intention to express opinions, found in 50 idioms. The intentions to criticize and to warn appear in 38 and 18 idioms, respectively. The number “一” appears across all types of communicative intention, reflecting its cultural and linguistic significance.

     The findings of this research indicate that the use of numbers in Chinese idioms is not only a linguistic component but also a reflection of the cultural values and ideologies of Chinese society. Each number carries a specific meaning that influences communication and interpretation across various contexts. This study helps enhance understanding of the intentions and implicit meanings within Chinese idioms that contain numbers and can be applied to the teaching of Chinese language and effective communication.