MARKETING COMMUNICATION FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY

Main Article Content

Wisanan Ouparamai

Abstract

The objectives of this research were 1) to study the acceptance of electric vehicle technology due to the differentiation of personal factors, 2) to study the level of importance of the marketing communication mix of electric vehicle based on consumer acceptance of electric vehicle technology, and 3) to study the marketing communication mix of electric vehicle operators affecting consumer acceptance of electric vehicle technology. The research was conducted with quantitative method. The sample of 400 consumers are consisted of consumers who have the private car driving licenses in Thailand and domiciled in Bangkok and metropolitan area that includes Nonthaburi, Nakhon Pathom, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, and Samut Sakhon. The samples were random by using stratified sampling according to the proportion of the number of people with private car driving licenses in each province. Data were collected by using a questionnaire. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. T-test, analysis of variance (Anova), and multiple regression analysis.


The research’s results revealed that 1) the consumers with the differences of personal factors including age, highest level of education, occupations, and average monthly income have different acceptance on electric vehicle technology, significantly level at 0.05; the consumers with different gender did not have different acceptance on electric vehicle technology, 2) consumers pay attention on 6 types of marketing communication mix at high and the highest level respectively, sorted in descending order as follows: sales promotion, online marketing, personal selling, direct marketing, public relations and advertising, respectively, and 3) all of 6 types of marketing communication mix affects consumers' acceptance of electric vehicle technology at a significantly level at 0.05. 

Article Details

Section
Research Article

References

Bensoh, T., Phuetphong, P., Hemsuri, W. & Gasman, S. (2020). thatsanakhati khō̜ng naksưksā tō̜ kān khāi sinkhā phān sư̄ sangkhom ʻō̜nlai [Students’ attitudes towards selling products via media]. Journal of Management Science Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University. 7(1), 42 – 57.

Bhasabutr, P., Phuvakeereevivat, A., Chantanasiri, S. & Kositkanin, T. (2022). patčhai thī song phon tō̜ kānyō̜mrap theknōlōyī phalangngān thotthǣn sōlā sēn nai phāwa wikrit khō wit - sipkāo khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk nai khēt Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n [Factors affecting the adoption of solar cell renewable energy technology in the time of the Covid-19 crisis of consumers in Bangkok]. Journal of Arts Management. 6(1), 116-28.

Chaiprasit, S. & Inngern, A. (2012). kānsư̄sān thāngkān talāt bǣp būranākān (IMC) thī mī ʻitthiphon tō̜ kāntatsinčhai sư̄ rotyon nang khanāt lek (City Car) khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk nai khēt Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n [Influences of integrated marketing communications affecting on the city car’s buying decision of consumers in Bangkok]. MUT Journal of Business Administration. 9(2), 117-143.

Dekrob, S., Tantiworasri, A. & Chummueangpak, P. (2018). kānyō̜mrap theknōlōyī læ khunnaphāp bō̜rikān khō̜ng ngœ̄n ʻilekthrō̜nik [Technology acceptance and service quality of electronic money in case of using the BTS skytrain and MRT]. SAU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanilities. 2(1), 47-59.

Department of Land Transport [DLT] (2022a). čhamnūan rot thī čhotthabīan sasom thūa prathēt thưng wan thī sāmsipʻet Thanwākhom sō̜ngphanhārō̜ihoksipsī [Cumulative number of registered vehicles across the country until December 31, 2021]. Transportation Statistics Division, Planning Division, Department of Land Transport.

Department of Land Transport [DLT] (2022b). sathiti čhamnūan rot tām kotmāi wādūai rotyon læ tām kotmāi wādūai kān khonsong thāng bok čhamnǣk tām chanit chư̄aphlœ̄ng rūam thang prathēt Na wan thī sāmsip Kanyāyon sō̜ngphanhārō̜ihoksiphā [Statistics of the number of cars according to the law on cars and according to the law on land transport classified by fuel type, whole country as of September 30, 2022]. Transportation Statistics Division, Planning Division, Department of Land Transport.

Department of Land Transport [DLT] (2022c). čhamnūan bai ʻanuyāt khap rot læ bai ʻanuyāt phū pračham rot čhamnǣk tām praphēt bai ʻanuyāt Na wan thī sāmsipʻet Thanwākhom sō̜ngphanhārō̜ihoksipsī [Number of driving licenses and driver's license classified by license type as of December 31, 2021]. Transportation Statistics Division, Planning Division, Department of Land Transport.

Devis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly. September 1989. p. 319 – 340.

Do, N. T. T. (2021). Factors Leading to online purchase intentions: customized gifts industry in Denmark. ABAC Journal. 41(1), 100-120.

Energy Research and Development Institute – Nakornping [ERDI-CMU]. (2023). nayōbāi rotyon faifā khō̜ng Thai prīapthīap kap tāngprathēt [Thailand's "Electric Car" policy compared to other countries]. Retrieved from https://erdi.cmu.ac.th/?p=1478

Energy Research and Development Institute – Nakornping [ERDI-CMU]. (2022). thamkhwām rūčhak yān yon faifā sī praphēt [Get to know 4 types of electric vehicles]. Retrieved from https://erdi.cmu.ac.th/?p=1489

Fang, Y. H. (2014). Beyond the credibility of electronic word of mouth: Exploring eWOM adoption on social networking site from affective and curiosity perspectives. International journal of electronic commerce, 18(3), 67-101.

Febriyantoro, M. T. & Arisandi, D. (2018). The Role of Digital Marketing in Improving Sales to SMEs in Dealing with ASEAN economic community. Advance in Economics, Business and Management Research. 101, 350 – 355.

Hotaraphawanon, P. & Adisornprasert, W. (2014). krabūankān yō̜m rap nawattakam rotyon rabop hai brit khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk nai Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n [Hybrid car system adoption process of consumers in Bangkok]. Srinakharinwirot Business Journal (SBJ). 5(2), 20-40.

Infoquest. (2021). sūn wičhai KTB khāt yō̜t rot EV nai Thai tæ lān khan pī čhetsipʻet næ rat mō̜ng mōdēn ตปท. nun pen thān phalit phūmiphāk [KTB research center expects the number of EVs in Thailand to reach a million units in 2018, suggesting the government looks at the foreign model as a regional production base]. Retrieved from https://www.infoquest.co.th/2021/97754

Junquera, B., Moreno, B. & Alvarez, R. (2016). Analyzing consumer attitudes towards electric vehicle purchasing intentions in Spain: technological limitations and vehicle confidence. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 109, 6-14.

Juska, J. M. (2018). Integrated marketing communication: Advertising and promotion in a digital world. New York: Routledge.

Khanabkaew, C. & Chaiprasit, K. (2019). thatsanakhati læ kānraprū khwāmsīang thī mī ʻitthiphon tō̜ kānyō̜mrap kānchai E - Payment phān thanākhān thahān Thai čhamkat (Mahāchon) nai khēt Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n [Attitude and Perceived Risk Influencing the acceptance of E-Payment Service of TMB bank public company limited in Bangkok]. Journal of Management and Development Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University. 6(1), 57-78.

Kumnerdpetch, K. (2020). patčhai thī mī ʻitthiphon tō̜ kāntatsinčhai sư̄ rotyon faifā bǣp bǣttœ̄rī khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk nai khēt Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n læ parimonthon [Factors affecting consumers, decision to buy battery electric vehicles in Bangkok and metropolitan area]. Naresuan University Journals. 13(3), 82-95.

Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Hoon, A. S., Tiong, T. C., Hon-Ming, Y. O. & Meng, L. S. (2017). Principles of marketing: an Asian perspective. Fourth Edition. New York: Pearson Education Limited.

Kotler, P. & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management. global edition. (15th ed.). UK: Person Education Limited.

Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H. & Setiawan, I. (2017). Marketing 4.0 moving from traditional to digital. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Ling, Z., Cherry, C. R. & Wen, Y. (2021). Deterring the factors that influence electric vehicle adoption: A stated preference survey study in Beijing, China. Sustainability. 13(21), 1-22.

Linratanasirikul, K. (2021). khrư̄angmư̄ kānwičhai læ kāntrūatsō̜p khunnaphāp [Research tools and quality checks. teaching documents. curriculum research and teaching and learning (Unit 9)]. Nonthaburi: Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Press.

Leingchan, R. (2022). Electric vehicles: upcoming needs and opportunities. Retrieved from https://www.krungsri.com/th/research/research-intelligence/ev-survey-22

Matthews, L., Lynes, J., Riemer, M., Matto, T. D. & Cloet, N. (2017). Do we have a car for you? Encouraging the uptake of electric vehicles at point of sale. Energy Policy. 100, 79-88.

Ministry of Energy. (2021). The ministry of energy joins the ministry of industry at the national EV conference, preparing to issue measures to encourage the use of EV cars. Ministerial News Thursday. Retrieved from https://energy.go.th/2015/กระทรวงพลังงาน-ร่วม-กระท/

Ooi, K. B. & Tan, G. W. H. (2016). Mobile technology acceptance model: An investigation using mobile users to explore smartphone credit card. Journal of Expert Systems with Applications. 59, 33-46.

Pankla, S. & Keawpromman, C. (2020). patčhai thī mī phon tō̜ kāntatsinčhai lư̄ak sư̄ khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk thī mī tō̜ rotyon faifā praphēt hai brit kaʻin nai khēt Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n [Factors affecting to consumers’ purchasing plug-in hybrid electric vehicle of consumer in Bangkok metropolitan]. Journal of the Association of Researchers Humanities and Social Sciences. 25(2), 117-132.

Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovation (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.

Rojanakorn, C. & Jarinto, K. (2018). kānraprū kānsư̄sān kāntalāt thī mī ʻitthiphon tō̜ phrưttikamkān tatsinčhai sư̄ rotyon hai brit khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk nai čhangwat Chon Burī [Marketing communication perception affecting consumer’s decision behavior in purchasing hybrid vehicles in Chonburi Province]. Humanities and Social Science Research Promotion Network Journal. 1(3), 1-12.

Sawaiamorn, K. & Tamalee, K. (2020). patčhai thī mī ʻitthiphon tō̜ kānyō̜mrap nawattakam bō̜rikāranākhān ʻō̜nlai nai kāntham thurakam thāng kānngœ̄n khō̜ng lūkkhā thanākhān krung Thai čhamkat (Mahāchon) nai čhangwat Suphan Burī [Factors influencing innovation acceptance online banking service for customers financial transactions of Krung Thai Bank in Suphan Buri Province]. Journal of Graduate MCU KhonKaen campus. 7(3), 256-273.

Schiffman, L. G. & Wisenblit, J. (2019). Consumer behavior. Twelfth Edition. Global Edition. Pearson Education Limited. UK.

Sektrakul, K. (2021). Business and solutions to global warming (part 4). Retrieved from https://www.live-platforms.com/education/article/7765

Solomon, M. R., Marshall, G. W. & Stuart, E. W. (2015). Marketing real people, real choices. UK: Pearson Education Limited.

Techakasamsuk, C. & Park, T. (2022). kānyō̜mrap theknōlōyī læ kānsư̄sān kāntalāt dičhithan thī mī phon tō̜ kāntatsinčhai sư̄ rō̜ngthao ʻō̜nlai khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk Generation X nai khēt Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n [Technology acceptance and digital marketing communication affecting decision to purchase shoes through online channels of generation X customers in Bangkok]. Journal of Business Administration and Languages (JBAL). 10(1), 66-79.

Thaweedech, T. & Teekasap, S. (2020). Marketing factors affecting consumer’s electric vehicle purchase decisions in prachinburi province: a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Journal of Information. 19(1), 57-70.

Tokham, P., Tarichkul, W. & Anywatnapong, M. (2022). ʻitthiphon khō̜ng patčhai thī mī tō̜kō̜ra būan kāntatsinčhai sư̄ rotyon phalangngān faifā bǣttœ̄rī khō̜ng phūbō̜riphōk nai Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n [The influence of factors on purchasing decision process for battery electric vehicles of consumers in Bangkok Metropolis]. Journal of Business Administration and Social Science Ramkhamhaeng University. 5(1), 53-72.

Tu, J. C. & Yang, C. (2019). Key factors influencing consumers’ purchase of electric vehicles. Sustainability, 11(14), 1-22.

Xu, G., Wang, S., Li, J. & Zhao, D. (2020). Moving towards sustainable purchase behavior: Examining the determinants of consumer’ intentions to adopt electric vehicles. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 27, 22535–22546.

Yamane, T. (1973). Statistics: an introductory analysis. 3rd Ed. New York: Harper and Row Publications.