The Case Method: An Effective Approach to Enhancing Critical Thinking

บทคัดย่อ

           This systematic review explores how the case method enhances critical thinking among university students. The study's objectives are to: 1) define the concept and application of the case method, including key steps such as case preparation, presentation, discussion, reflection, and assessment, and their role in fostering critical thinking; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of the case method in enhancing students' critical thinking skills, particularly in analysis, evaluation, Interpretation, Inference, explanation through real-world applications; 3) compare the case method with traditional teaching methods, focusing on its impact on student learning experiences and academic performance; 4) identify the benefits and challenges of implementing the case method in different cultural contexts, with particular attention to its application in exam-oriented education systems like China’s. A qualitative research design was employed, using a systematic literature review and content analysis of studies published over the last two decades. Data were drawn from academic journals, peer-reviewed articles, books, institutional reports, conference proceedings, and dissertations, with sources selected from databases like Web of Science, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Springer Link. Relevant studies were identified through the purposive sampling of English and Chinese publications, with keywords systematically used to extract themes on instructional effectiveness, student engagement, and educational outcomes.
           The findings demonstrate that the case method significantly enhances critical thinking by engaging students in real-world problem-solving, encouraging them to think from multiple perspectives and apply theoretical knowledge. Additionally, the case method improves the overall learning experience, fostering deeper engagement, teamwork, and self-directed learning. However, cultural and educational traditions, particularly in China, challenge its implementation. Based on the study’s findings, integrating case analysis into curricula aligned with course objectives, incorporating student feedback to refine teaching methods, and providing teacher training can enhance the effectiveness of the case method. Although the case method is a powerful tool for fostering critical thinking, its success relies on cultural adaptation and institutional support.