The Mediating Effect of Social Capital on the Relationship Among Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction of Nurses
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Background:Global climate change, political instability and the COVID-19 pandemic are impeding public health progress and impacting global health development,As an indispensable part of the healthcare system, nurses are an important force to provide full-cycle health services for the people. High levels of occupational stress are associated with negative outcomes.Therefore, understanding the factors that can mitigate job stress and improve job satisfaction is essential. Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationships between occupational stress, social capital, and job satisfaction, with a particular focus on the mediating role of social capital. Methodology: A quantitative research approach was applied and a cross-sectional study research strategy was used to collect the data.Convenience sampling was applied and data were collected from nurses who were easily accessible and willing to participate in the research. A total of 624 questionnaires were collected from 6 hospitals and the data was analyzed using SPSS29.0 and SmartPLS 4.0. A structural equation model was employed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of occupational stress on job satisfaction, with social capital as a mediator. Path coefficients and significance levels were calculated to determine the strength and significance of these relationships. Results:Most of the respondent nurses who participated in the study were junior nurses, comprising 61.2% of the sample, whereas 30.4% were senior nurses, and 4.6% were associate professor nurses. Most respondents were married nurses (80%) and single nurses were 17.9%. Almost 97.8% of nurses had completed their BSc nursing, and between the ages of 20–54.Occupational stress negatively impacts social capital (β=-0.515, p=0.000).Social capital positively influences job satisfaction (β=0.719, p=0.000). Occupational stress has a direct negative effect on job satisfaction (β=-0.435, p=0.000).Occupational stress indirectly affects job satisfaction through social capital, with an indirect effect of -0.260 (p=0.000). Conclusion:This study demonstrates that occupational stress has a significant negative impact on both social capital and job satisfaction. Social capital has a positive impact on job satisfaction.Meanwhile, occupational stress indirectly affects job satisfaction through social capital, highlighting the mediating role of social capital. These findings suggest that reducing occupational stress and enhancing social capital are crucial for improving employee job satisfaction.
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