Effectiveness of Positive Psychological Capital Program on Work Engagement of Employees of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on Gender Diversity
Keywords:
psychological capital, work engagement, NGO employees, LGBT communitiesAbstract
This study aimed to develop and investigate the effectiveness of psychological capital on the work engagement of NGO employees. The sample included 40 NGO employees in Bangkok who work with LGBT people. The participants were equally divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included a psychological capital program and a work engagement questionnaire. The data were analyzed using MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that, in both the post-intervention and the follow-up period, the NGO employees who underwent a positive psychological program developed higher work engagement in all three areas of vigor, dedication, and absorption than the samples in the control group at a statistically significant level of .05. In addition, the psychological capital program helped the NGO employees achieve improvement and persistence in their work engagement. The research results also show that the psychological capital program effectively keeps NGO employees more engaged in their jobs.
References
Abiddin, N. Z., Ibrahim, I., Abdul Aziz, S.A. (2022). Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their part towards sustainable community development. Sustainability, 14, 4386; DOI:10.3390/su14084386
Ayhan, C. H. B., Bilgin, H., Sukut, O., Yilmaz, S., Buzlu, S. (2020). A systematic review of the discrimination against sexual and gender minority in health care settings. International Journal of Health Services, 50, 44-61; DOI:10.1177/0020731419885093
Borst, R. T., Kruyen, P. M., Lako, C. J., de Vries, M. S. (2019). The attitudinal, behavioral, and performance outcomes of work engagement: A comparative meta-analysis across the public, semipublic, and private sector. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 40, 613-640; DOI:10.1177/0734371X19840399
Chaleoykitti, S., & Thaiudom, (2017). A. The effect of positive psychological capital program on retention of nurses. Journal of Southeast Asian Medical Research, 1, 58-62; DOI:10.55374/jseamed.v1i2.27
Da, S., Zhu, Z., Cen, H., Gong, X., Siu, O.L., Zhang, X. (2021). Psychological capital, positive affect, and organizational outcomes: A three-wave cross-lagged study. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 15, 1-13; DOI:10.1177/18344909211010514
Daswati, D., Wirawan, H., Hattab, S., Salam, R., Iskander, A.S. (2022). The effect of psychological capital on performance through the role of career engagement: Evidence from Indonesian Public Organizations. Cogent Social Sciences, 8, 1-19; DOI:10.1080/23311886.2021.2012971
Demerouti, E., Mostert, K., Bakker, A. B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: A thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15, 209-222; DOI:10.1037/a0019408
Du Plessis, M., & Boshoff, A. B. (2018). The role of psychological capital in the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, a1007; DOI:10.4102/sajhrm.v16i0.1007
Firdaus, N. R. (2019). The role of positive emotion as a mediator between psychological capital and work engagement. Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology, 8, 85-104; DOI:10.12928/jehcp.v8i2.12563
Firestone, J., & Anngela-Cole, L. (2016). Exploring positive psychological capital in nonprofit human service organizations. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership, & Governance, 40, 118-130; DOI:10.1080/23303131.2015.1120249
Greif, E. (2020). Upward translations – The role of NGOs in promoting LGBTI*-human rights under the Convention on All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Peace Human Right Governance, 4, 9-34; DOI:10.14658/pupj-phrg-2020-1-1
Kang, H. J., & Busser, J. A. (2018). Impact of service climate and psychological capital on employee engagement: The role of organizational hierarchy. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75, 1-9; DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.03.003
Karatepe, O. M., & Talebzadeh, N. (2016). An empirical investigation of psychological capital among flight attendants. Journal of Air Transport Management, 55, 193-202; DOI:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.06.001
Kim, W., Han, S. J., Park, J. (2019). Is the role of work engagement essential to employee performance or ‘nice to have’? Sustainability, 11, 1050; DOI:10.3390/su11041050
Kotzé, M. (2018). The influence of psychological capital, self-leadership, and mindfulness on work engagement. South African Journal of Psychology, 48, 279-292; DOI:10.1177/0081246317705812
Lewis, D. (2014). Heading south: Time to abandon the ‘parallel worlds’ of international non-governmental organization (NGO) and domestic third sector scholarship? Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organization, 25, 1132-1150; DOI:10.1007/s11266-014-9438-1
Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Peterson, S. J. (2010). The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 21, 41-67; DOI:10.1002/hrdq.20034
Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M., Avolio, B. J. (2009). Psychological Capital; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA,.
Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7, 209-221.; DOI:10.5465/AMLE.2008.32712618
Movahedi, D., Oudi, D., Rad, G.H.M. (2018). Effectiveness of the Luthans’s psychological program on job engagement of nursing staff. Modern Care Journal, 15, e83227; DOI:10.5812/modern.83227
Müller, A. (2017). Scrambling for access: Availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of healthcare for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in South Africa. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 17, 16; DOI:10.1186/s12914-017-0124-4
Peng, B., & Potipiroon, W. (2022). Fear of Losing Jobs during COVID-19: Can Psychological Capital Alleviate Job Insecurity and Job Stress? Behavioral Sciences, 12, 168; DOI:10.3390/bs12060168
Prateapusanond, A. Management of NGO/INGO in Thailand: Development, practices, concerns and recommendation. (2017). National Defence Studies Institute Journal, 8, 24-29.
Qin, K., Jia, Z., Lu, T., Liu, S., Lan, J., You, X., Li, Y. (2021). The role of work engagement in the association between psychological capital and safety citizenship behavior in coal miners: A mediation analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 9303; DOI:10.3390/ijerph18179303
Rathnayake, K. K. N. P., & Zhixia, C. (2018). Bankers’ psychological capital and performance: The mediating role of job engagement. International Journal of Art and Commerce, 7, 99-112.
Russo, S. D., & Stoykova, P. (2015). Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension. Human Resource Development Quarterly, Dev. Q., 26, 329-347; DOI:10.1002/hrdq.21212
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293-315; DOI:10.1002/job.248
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., Bakker, A. B. (2022). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92; DOI:10.1023/A:1015630930326
Shin, I., Hur, W., Kang, S. (2018). How and when are job crafters engaged at work? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 2138; DOI:10.3390/ijerph15102138
Smithikrai, C. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of work engagement among Thai employees. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 14, 14-31.
Song, R., Sun, N., Song, X. (2019). The efficacy of psychological capital intervention (PCI) for depression from the perspective of positive psychology: A pilot study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1816; DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01816
Wang, X., Liu, L., Zou, F., Hao, J., Wu, H. (2017). Associations of occupational stressors, perceived organizational support, and psychological capital with work engagement among Chinese female nurses. Biomed Research International, 5284628; DOI:10.1155/2017/5284628
Wardani, L. M. I., & Anwar, M. S. (2019). The role of quality of work life as mediator: Psychological capital and work Engagement. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7, 447-463; DOI:10.18510/hssr.2019.7670
World Bank. (2018). Economic Inclusion of LGBTI Groups in Thailand in 2018; The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA.
Yang, S., Huang, H., Qiu, T., Tian, F., Gu, Z., Gao, X., Wu, H. (2020). Psychological capital mediates the association between perceived organizational support and work engagement among Chinese doctors. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 149; DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00149
Zhang, X., Li, Y., Ma, S., Hu, J., Jiang, L. (2014). A structural reading materials-based intervention program to develop the psychological capital of Chinese employees. Social Behavior and Personality International Journal, 42, 503-515; DOI:10.2224/sbp.2014.42.3.503
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Behavioral Science for Development
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.