Effects of Physical Education Learning Management Using the Flipped Classroom Approach on the Desirable Characteristics of Learning Avidity and Learning Achievement among Lower Secondary School Students

Abstract

The purpose of this quasi-experimental research study was to examine the effects of physical education learning management using the flipped classroom approach on the desirable characteristics of learning avidity and learning achievement among lower secondary school students. The sample consisted of 56 students who were specifically selected using desirable characteristics scores and skills achievement scores. They were divided into 3 groups, namely, the first experimental group 19 students) studied online learning media, data sources for searching, and self-knowledge before starting the class; the second experimental group (19 students) studied the online learning media, data sources for searching, and self-knowledge after the class; and the control group (18 students) studied the normal lesson plan. The research instruments included three physical education lesson plans over 8 weeks, online learning media, desirable characteristics for the learning avidity test, and achievement tests in knowledge and skills. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, testing the mean differences before and after with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and testing differences in pairs with the Bonferroni method.

The results of the research showed that (1) after the experiment the mean score of the desirable characteristics and skills of both experimental groups were significantly different before and at the level of .05; (2) after the experiment the mean score of achievement tests in knowledge and skills in the control group were significantly different than before and at a level of .05; (3) after 8 weeks both experimental groups had a mean score of desirable characteristics and skills which were significantly different to the control group and at the level of .05; (4) after 8 weeks between two experimental groups the mean score of desirable characteristics and skills were not significantly different and at the level of .05.