Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) for Studying the Impact of Governance on International Tourism: A Case Study of ASEAN

บทคัดย่อ

Over the past decade, international tourism has become one of the important international competitions. At the same time, society has paid more attention to the dimension of governance, making the level of governance an important factor in tourists' decision-making. This study aimed to analyze the impact of governance indicators on tourism demand in six ASEAN countries during 1995-2019 from the perspectives of origin and destination countries using the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation method.

The study found that the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) can be used appropriately to study international tourism competition. The study concluded that 1) ASEAN is a good destination for international tourists. 2) The number of tourists traveling to ASEAN destinations based on income factors. 3) Cultural and linguistic similarities affect the number of tourists traveling to ASEAN. 4) Political conditions, the role of governance in implementing policies and regulations in one's own country are driving factors in deciding to travel to ASEAN destinations. If a more peaceful and stable political environment is created, the number of tourists will tend to increase.