DYNAMICS AND THE PROMOTION OF ELDERLY CARE IN THAILAND AND LAO PDR

Abstract

This study aimed (1) to analyze and compare the cultural dynamics influencing patterns and methods of elderly care in Thailand and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), and (2) to develop culturally grounded recommendations for promoting elderly care that are appropriate for contemporary society. A qualitative phenomenological approach with a cross-cultural comparative design was employed. The research was conducted in Nong Khai Province, Thailand, and Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Key informants were purposively selected and included 20 older persons and family caregivers, along with 10 stakeholders such as community leaders, monks, village health volunteers, and social welfare practitioners. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions using semi-structured guides, with audio recordings and field notes. Content and thematic analyses were applied.

Findings indicate that filial piety remains the central cultural value shaping elderly care in both countries, with families acting as the primary caregivers and communities providing supplementary support through social networks. However, notable differences emerged. In Thailand, rapid socio-economic change and technological advancement have led to more diverse caregiving practices, including indirect care and increased reliance on digital communication. In contrast, Lao PDR continues to emphasize close, co-residential family care rooted in traditional practices.

Based on these findings, the study recommends integrating traditional cultural values with modern care systems, promoting collaboration among families, communities, and formal institutions, and encouraging flexible, context-sensitive care models. Such culturally informed approaches are essential for ensuring sustainable and effective elderly care in the evolving Thai–Lao context.