The development of an educational administration model for developing Students good citizenship characteristics in accordance with the royal Educational guidance at Watthepnimit school

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1) examine the current conditions, desirable conditions, needs, and development guidelines for enhancing students’ characteristics of good citizenship in accordance with the Royal Educational Policy; 2) develop the TNM 4Good Model for school administration to enhance such characteristics; 3) implement the TNM 4Good Model; and 4) evaluate the TNM 4Good Model at Wat Thep Nimit School. The research was conducted in four phases. Phase 1 involved studying the current conditions, desirable conditions, needs, and development guidelines using document and research review, questionnaires, and interviews. The target group consisted of 42 teachers, personnel, school committee members, and parents, and nine experts. The instruments were a questionnaire with content validity indices of 0.67–1.00 and reliability of 0.90, and an interview form with content validity indices of 0.67–1.00. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI_modified), and content analysis. Phase 2 involved developing the TNM 4Good Model through connoisseurship with nine experts. The instruments included the draft model, implementation manual, connoisseurship seminar documents, and model evaluation form. Data were analyzed using content analysis, mean, and standard deviation. Phase 3 involved implementing the model during the 2024–2025 academic years with 28 students in each academic year. The instruments included the model, implementation manual, and student characteristics assessment form with content validity indices of 0.67–1.00 and reliability of 0.81. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Phase 4 involved evaluating the model with 42 teachers, personnel, school committee members, and parents using feasibility, usefulness, and satisfaction assessment forms. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The research findings revealed that:

1. The overall current condition of the development of students characteristics of good citizenship in accordance with the Royal Educational Policy was at a moderate level (μ = 3.16, σ = 0.40), while the desirable condition was at a high level (μ = 4.21, σ = 0.41). The overall Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI_modified = 0.332), indicating a high level of need. Considering each aspect, the aspect with the highest priority needs index was the outcomes of developing students characteristics of good citizenship (PNI_modified = 0.397),followed by monitoring, evaluation, and development (PNI_modified = 0.384), management for promoting students’ characteristics (PNI_modified = 0.351), stakeholder participation in student development (PNI_modified = 0.272), and the formulation of policies and directions for student development (PNI_modified = 0.259), respectively. The interviews with experts and content analysis yielded five development guidelines: (1) developing teamwork; (2) building collaborative networks; (3) strengthening morality and values; (4) systematic management through the PDCA quality cycle; and (5) developing a system for monitoring, evaluation, and continuous improvement. These guidelines were integrated as mechanisms in the PDCA process and reflected in the Impact dimension of the TNM 4Good Model.


2. The results of developing the TNM 4Good Model for school administration to enhance students’ characteristics of good citizenship in accordance with the Royal Educational Policy at Wat Thep Nimit School revealed that the TNM 4Good Model integrated teamwork, collaborative networks, and morality through a systematic management process. The model consisted of four components: (1) Input, comprising relevant policies and principles, the school context and environment, personnel and stakeholders, resources and learning resources, information and evaluation results, as well as needs and development guidelines; (2) Process, using TNM as the management mechanism, consisting of Teamwork, Network, and Morality, driven through the PDCA quality cycle, including planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and continuous improvement; (3) Output, focusing on developing students’ characteristics in four aspects: Good Thinking, Good Action, Good Job, and Good Citizen; and (4) Impact, focusing on enhancing the quality of students, the school management system, and the participation of network partners, as well as serving as a continuous and sustainable model, with an evaluation process and feedback. The results of the evaluation of the model and its implementation manual by experts revealed that, overall, their correctness and appropriateness were at the highest level.


3. The results of implementing the TNM 4Good Model for school administration to enhance students’ characteristics of good citizenship in accordance with the Royal Educational Policy at Wat Thep Nimit School revealed that, in the 2024 academic year, the overall evaluation of students’ characteristics of good citizenship in accordance with the Royal Educational Policy was at a high level (μ = 3.44, σ = 0.69). In the 2025 academic year, the overall evaluation was at the highest level (μ = 4.52, σ = 0.65). The overall efficiency of the model was at the highest level.


4. The results of evaluating the TNM 4Good Model and its implementation manual for school administration to enhance students’ characteristics of good citizenship in accordance with the Royal Educational Policy at Wat Thep Nimit School revealed that the feasibility and usefulness were at the highest level, and overall satisfaction with the use of the model and its implementation manual was at the highest level.