Development of glued laminated timber in Thailand
Keywords:
glued laminated timber, glued bamboo laminated timber, cross laminated timber, cross bamboo laminated timberAbstract
The development of glued laminated timber is raised from the increasing demand of the wood in the mid of the 1900s. This circumstance causes the decrease of wide face wood. In consequence, the wood from industrial-garden forests, which has narrower face and takes less than 10 years of cultivation, is used more. In Thailand, alternative woods (e.g. rubber wood or pine wood) are used instead of teak and chorea. The scope of this article relates to the development of glued laminated timber both in national and international level, dividing in 4 types: 1) glue laminated timber 2) glue bamboo laminated timber 3) cross laminated timber and 4) cross bamboo laminated timber. The study uses the table of analysis, consisting of relevant researches both from Thai and international data bases, to analyze the standpoint of Thailand in glued laminated timber. The study finds that the development of Thai researches about glued laminated timber is corresponding to
international researches. The approach that is most progressively developed is glued laminated timber while the most used is parawood.
References
Archila, H. F. (2015). Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo Panels. (Doctoral dissertation). Bath: University of Bath.
Archila, H. F., et al., (2017). Elastic response of cross laminated engineered bamboo panels subjected to in-plane loading. Bath: University of Bath.
Brandner, R., et al. (2016). Cross laminated timber (CLT): overview and development. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74 (3), 331-351.
Chumphoo, A., et al. (2008). Karn pramoen sakkayaphab nai karn khaengkhan furniture mai phai at prasan phuea chamnai phainai lae phainok prathet. (In Thai) [The evaluation of competitiveness in laminated bamboo furniture for domestics and global markets]. Bangkok: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.
Correal, J., et al. (2010). Structural behaviour of glue laminated guadao bamboo as a construction material. Bogotá: Universidad de Los Andes.
Cziesielski, E. (1974). Ho lzerne Dachfla chentragwerke. (In German) [Shell structures for timber roofs]. In Halasz, R. & Scheer, C. (Eds.). Holzbau-Taschenbuch, Band 1: Grundlagen, Entwurf und Konstruktionen. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn.
Danzig, I. (2011). Tall wood in Canada: : feasibility study, technical guide, and wood innovation and design centre. Vancouver: Internationales Holzbau-Forum.
Dârmon, R. & Lalu, O. (2019). The fire performance of Cross Laminated Timber beams. Procedia manufacturing, 32, 121-128.
Dröge, G. & Stoy, K.-H. (1981). Grundzüge des neuzeitlichen Holzbaues. Berlin: Wilhelm Ernst &
Fuangwiwat, W. (2011). Karn wijai lae pattana karn phalit mai phai at prasan phuea ngan praditthakam. (In Thai) [Research and development of bamboo laminated for wood working]. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Fuangwiwat, W., Buajongkol, P. & Intraprasit, V. (2016). Karn wijai mai pra kap chak mai phayung tat kayai raya chak suan pa. (In Thai) [Study on Dalbergia cochinchinensis pierre laminated from thinning plantation]. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Harte, A.M. (2017). Mass timber – the emergence of a modern construction material. Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, 2 (3), 121-132.
Hernandez, R., et al. (1996). Yellow poplar glued-laminated timber: product development and use in timber bridges construction. WI: Department of Agriculture.
Hetzer, O. (1908). Neue Holzbauweisen. Weimar: Deutsche Bauzeitung.
Inpol, I. (1997). khunnasombat karn dat khong mai phai pra kap kao. (In Thai) [Flexural properties of glue laminated bamboo]. Bangkok: Kasetsart University.
Jeleč, M., et al. (2018). Cross-laminated timber (CLT) – a state of the art report. Gradevinar, 70 (2), 75-95.
Kaosol, T. & Prachaseri V. (2014). phuettikam phai tai karn dat lae karn chuean khong khan mai yangphara prakob soem kamlang duai watsadu polymer soem kamlang duai senyai. (In Thai) [Flexural and shear behavior of fiber reinforced polymer reinforced para wood glue laminated beams]. Pattani: Prince of Songkla University.
Kiratirattikal, N., et al. (2008). Kamlang dat khong mai pra kap yangphara. (In Thai) [Blending strength of glued laminated para timber]. Bangkok: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.
Kiratirattikal, N., et al. (2009). Kamlang dat khong mai pra kap yangphara. (In Thai) [Blending strength of glued laminated para timber]. Bangkok: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.
Kiratirattikal, N., et al. (2009). Mai pra kap khrongsang: karn sang munkha phoem kae mai son lae mai yangphara. (In Thai) [Structural glued laminated timber: the value adding to pine and para timber]. Bangkok: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.
Komariah, R., et al. (2015). Physical-mechanical properties of glued laminated timber made from tropical small-diameter logs grown in Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 43 (2), 156-167.
Lamlaksakul, W. (2009). Karn pattana chai mai pra kap chak phai thotthaen mai samrab karn phalit furniture. (In Thai) [Development of laminated bamboo furniture manufacturing]. Bangkok: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.
Lamlaksakul, W., et al. (2007). Karn oakbab furniture mai pra kap phai doi chai lakkan yasat. (In Thai) [Design of laminated bamboo furniture using ergonomics method]. Bangkok: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.
Li, H., et al. (2016). Flexural performance of laminated bamboo lumber beams. BioResources, 11 (1), 292-943.
Mahdavi, M., Clouston, P. & Arwade, S. R. (2011). Development of laminated bamboo lumber: review of processing, performance, and economical considerations. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23 (7), 1036-1042.
Mahittikul, C. (1971). Priapthiap khunnasombat khong khan mai pra kap khanat lek tee tham chak mai yangphara lae kao thammachat kub khan mai yangphara. (In Thai) [Comparison on the properties of small laminated beam made from para rubber timber and natural glue with para rubber timber beam]. Bangkok: Kasetsart University.
Manalo, A., Aravinthan & T., Karunasena, W. (2013). Shear behaviour of glued structural fibre composite sandwich beams. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 1317-1327.
Manbeck, H. B., et al. (1993). Performance of red maple glued-laminated timber beams. Wisconsin : Forest Products Laboratory.
Munis, R. A., et al. (2018). Parallel compression to grain and stiffness of cross laminated timber panels with bamboo reinforcement. BioResources, 13 (2), 3809-3816.
Muraleedharan, A. & Markus Reiterer, S. (2016). Combined glued laminated timber using hardwood and softwood lamellas. (Master’s thesis). Växjö: Linnaeus University.
Ogawa, H. (2000). Architectural application of carbon fibers. Development of new carbon fiber reinforced glulam, 38 (2), 211-226.
Oliver, W. A. (1937). Stress theory and fact checked on glue laminated timber arches. New York: ENR.
Oonjittichai, W., et al. (2014). Karn khli mai phai duai ai nam phuea phalit mai phai prasan. (In Thai) [Flattening bamboo culm with steaming press for laminated board]. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Osorio, L., et al. (2018). In-depth study of the microstructure of bamboo fibres and their relation to the mechanical properties. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 37 (17), 1099-1113.
Pei, S., et al. (2011). Approximate R-factor for cross-laminated timber walls in multistory buildings. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 19 (4), 245-255.
Penellum, M., et al. (2018). Relationship of structure and stiffness in laminated bamboo composites. Construction and Building Materials, 165, 241-246.
Pruttikomol, S. & Tangthong P. (2010). Karn oakbab lae sueksa kwam pen pai dai khong phalittaphan tee tham chak mai phai at prasan. (In Thai) [Product design and project feasibility of pressed bamboo to promote community business of the villagers of Kanchanaburi province by using quality function deployment].Nakornpathom: Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin.
Ravichot, A. (2007). Phuettikam karn rab namnak banthuk khong khan mai prasan kao. (In Thai) [Behavior of glued laminated grider under loading]. (Master’s Thesis). Bangkok: Rangsit University.
Rug, W. & Rug, F. (1996) Innovations in timber engineering: Hetzer’s method. In Gopu, V. (Ed.). Proceedings of the International Wood Engineering Conference Volume 4 (pp.435-442). New Orleans: Omnipress.
Scalet, T. (2015). Cross laminated timber as sustainable construction technology for the future. (Thesis). Helsinki: Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences.
Schickhofer, G. (1994). Starrer und nachgiebiger Verbund bei geschichteten, flächenhaften Holzstrukturen. Graz: Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz.
Seingsuttivong, C. & Rittironk, S. (2013). Karn sueksa khunnasombat choengkon khong watsadu phai pra kap tee tham chak phan phai Thai phuea chai oakbab khan mai samrabarkhan satharana khanat lek. (In Thai) [Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo made from Thai species for beam of small commercial buildings]. (Master’s thesis).Pathum Thani: Thammasat University.
Sharma, B., et al. (2015). Engineered bamboo for structural applications. Construction and Building Materials, 81, 66-73.
Teeravanich, J. (1975). Khunnasombat nai kan rap raeng dat khong khan mai pra kap khong maidaeng lae mai yang. (In Thai) [The flexural behavior of glue-laminated beam of Daeng and Yang timbers]. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
Teibinger, M. & Matzinger, I. (2013). Construction with cross-laminated timber multi-storey buildings focus on building physics. Vienna: Holzforschung Austria.
Wieruszewski, M. & Mazela, B. (2017). Cross laminated timber as an alternative form of construction wood. Drvna industrija : Znanstveni časopis za pitanja drvne tehnologije, 68 (4), 359-367.
Xiao, Y., et al. (2010). Two-by-Four house construction using laminated bamboos. Proceedings of 11th World Conference on Timber Engineer 2010. (pp.1334-1341). New York: Curran Associates.
Yang, T-H., et al. (2009). The charring depth and charring rate of glued laminated timber after standard fire exposure test. Building and Environment, 44 (2), 231-236.
Zeleniuc, O., et al. (2011). Mechanical properties of wooden laminated structures glued with a furan resin based adhesive. Proceeding of the International Conference on Urban Sustainability, Cultural Sustainability, Green Development Green Structures and Clean Cars. (pp.143-147). United States: n.p.
