Differences between Chinese and Western cultures: Analyzing the concepts of “division” and “combination”

Abstract

Over thousands of years of development from primitive society to the present, Chinese and Western civilizations have created their own distinctive cultures under their different natural environments and historical conditions. The well-known scholar Qian Mu once said that: Westerners are good at dividing, Chinese people are good at combination as these are close to their desires. Hence, this manuscript explores the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western cultures through the lens of “division” and “combination”. Chinese culture, deeply rooted in the concept of “combination”, emphasizes harmony, unity, and collective responsibility, reflecting its agricultural society and Confucian values. In contrast, Western culture, grounded in “division”, focuses on individualism, personal freedom, and the separation of powers, shaped by its diverse geographical conditions and philosophical traditions. This study delves into historical developments, social structures, and ideological underpinnings that have led to these distinct cultural paradigms. By examining the country and society, human relationships, environment, and ideology, the manuscript elucidates how these cultural principles influence the respective civilizations. The analysis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how “division” and “combination” manifest in various aspects of Chinese and Western cultures, highlighting the importance of these concepts in shaping cultural identity and social dynamics.