Museum Management of Learning Spaces in National Civilisations: Synthesis of Asian Civilisations Museum, Republic of Singapore and National Palace Museum, Republic of China
Keywords:
museum, Asian civilisation, Singapore, TaiwanAbstract
This research paper sets out to assess the strategic management of museums; and learning of historical legacies, cultural heritage and national civilisations. The studies were conducted in two museums, namely, Asian Civilisations Museum, Republic of Singapore and National Palace Museum, Republic of China. The research used qualitative method and was based on the concepts of museum sociology and museum management. It has been found that (1) Asian Civilisations Museum was established for Singaporean nationality, aiming at enhancing multiracial and multicultural society. The development of National Palace Museum was based on historical legacies as the Chinese revolution has finally led to the political predisposition and cultural politics which aim at promoting Taiwannese consciousness, cultural diplomacy and Taiwan's nation-branding process; (2) There has been a synthesis of museum management strategies for learning about civilisations through the integration of knowledge in the following areas; fine arts, history and anthropology. Content area was portrayed using chronological displays about religious arts which reflect the roots of ancient Asian civilisations from ancient national history to national history through ancestral cultural heritages at the geographical location of emporium and cultural crossroads of foreigners and indigenous peoples to richness of Pan-Asian civilisation. Under the new regionalism in the context of globalisation, the mission statement of civilisation museums were based on the reinforcement of civilisation consciousness for global citizens who share the heritage of mankind.
References
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Burgess, M. (1996). Ethnicity, Nationalism and Identity in Canada-Quebec Relations: The Case of Quebec’s Distinct Society. Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 34(2), 46-64.
Chang, B. (2004). From Taiwanisation to De-sinification. China Perspectives, 56, 1-17.
Chang, Y-T. (2006). Cultural Policies and Museum Development in Taiwan. Museum International, 58(4), 64-68.
Chin, K. (2010). Seeing Religion with New Eyes at the Asian Civilisations Museum. Material Religion: The Journal of Objects, Art and Belief, 6(2), 9-10.
Chu, Y-H. & Nathan, A. J. (2007). Seizing the Opportunity for Change in the Taiwan Strait. Washington Quarterly, 31(1), 77-91.
Chun, A. (1994). From Nationalism to Nationalizing: Cultural Imagination and State Formation in Postwar Taiwan. The Austrian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 31, 49-69.
Clifford, J. (1997). Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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Lord, G. D. & Markert, K. (2007). The Manual of Strategic Planning for Museum. Lanham: AltaMira Press.
Lowenthal, D. (1994). Identity, Heritage and History. In J. R. Gillis (Ed.). Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity (pp. 41-57). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Lu, B. & Lin, P. (2011). 國立故宮博物院院長之角色扮演及行銷策略個案分析 [A Case Study of National Palace Museum’s Directors, Their Roles, and Their Marketing Strategy]. Soochow Journal of Political Science, 29(1), 179-263.
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Massey, D. (1993). A Global Sense of Place. In A. Gray & J. McGuigan (Eds.). Studying Culture (pp. 232–240). London: Edward Arnold.
Meijer-van Mensch, L. & van Mensch, P. (2010). From Disciplinary Control to Co-Creation. Collecting and the Development of Museums as Praxis in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century. In S. Pettersson, M. Hagedorn-Saupe, T. Jyrkkiö & A. Weij (Eds.). Encouraging Collections Mobility: A Way Forward for Museums in Europe (pp. 33–53). Helsinki: Finnish National Gallery.
MICA (Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts). (2008). Renaissance City Plan III. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts.
Museums Association. (2010). Communities... love museums. London: Museums Association. Retrieved from https://www.museumsassociation.org/download?id=143115
Nguyễn Văn Huy. (2010). Vietnam Museum of Ethnology: The Making of a National Museum for Communities. Australia: Common Ground.
Nguyet, T. (2002). Asian Civlisation Museum: A National Museum Singapore. Arts of Asia, 32(6), 44-89.
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NPM (National Palace Museum). (2011). National Palace Museum Annual Report 2011. Taipei: Navigator Disabled Persons Occupation Development Association.
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Ooi, C. S. (2003). Identities, Museums, and Tourism in Singapore: Think Regionally, Act Locally. Indonesia and the Malay World, 31(89), 80-90.
Pillsbury, C. (2004). A New Take on Multicultural Exhibits: The Asian Civilisations Museum. Arlington: National Association of Museum Exhibition.
Prachuabmoh, C. (2004). Review Guidelines of Ethnic Studies in the Cross Age of Thai Society. In V. Prachyaporn (Ed.). Guidelines of Ethnic Studies (pp. 1-125). Bangkok: Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (Public Organisation). [in Thai]
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Stam, D. C. (1993). The Informed Muse: The Implications of the New Museology for Museum Practice. Museum Management and Curatorship, 12(3), 267–283.
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Tarulevicz, N. (2009). History Making in Singapore: Who is Producing the Knowledge? New Zealand. Journal of Asian Studies, 11(1), 402-425.
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Vickers, E. (2010). History, Identity, and the Politics of Taiwan’s Museums Reflections on the DPP-KMT Transition. China Perspectives, 2010(3), 92-106.
VNAT (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism). (2013). The Southeast Asian Museum. Retrieved from http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/english/index.php/items/6578
Vy Xuan Hoa. (2008). Chinh sach Dan toc cua Dang, Nha nuoc trong Viec Dam bao Quyen cua cac Dan toc Thieu so Viet Nam. (In Vietnam) [The Partyandthe Government’s Ethnic Policies for Ensuring Rights of Vietnam’s Ethnic Groups]. Ha Noi: Vu Chinh sach Dan toc, Uy ban Dan toc Viet Nam.
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Wang, M. (2016). Digitization and the Depoliticization of Museum Access: The Situation at the National Palace Museum. Advances in Computer Science: An International Journal, 5(3), 40-46.
Wang, M. C. & Lin, J. Q-P. (2018). The Future Museum Shapes the Museum Future: A Progressive Strategy of the National Palace Museum Adopting New Media Art Exhibitions as a Marketing Tool. Arts and the Market, 8(2), 168-181.
Wu, Mi-cha. (2009). 建立一座國家歷史博物館 [onstructing a Museum of National History]. In F. Muyard, L-K. Chou & S. Dreyer (Eds.). 文物, 文化, 遺產與文化認同 [Objects, Heritage and Cultural Identity] (pp. 285-292). Nantou: Taiwan Historica.
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Zheng, L. (2015). Politicised Cultural Exchanges and Signs of Contestation in Cross-Strait Relations Competing Meanings and Purposes of Culture. (Master’s thesis). Leiden: Leiden University.
Boletis, Y. Z. (2006). Museum Management and the Network Perspective. Lugano: Institute for Corporate Communication, University of Lugano.
Brown, M. J. (2004). Is Taiwan Chinese? The Impact of Culture, Power, and Migration on Changing Identities. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
Bunmee, T. (2003). Nationalism and Post Nationalism. Bangkok: Winyuchon Publication House. [in Thai]
Burcaw, G. E. (1997). Introduction to Museum Work. (American Association for State and Local History). New York: AltaMira Press.
Burgess, M. (1996). Ethnicity, Nationalism and Identity in Canada-Quebec Relations: The Case of Quebec’s Distinct Society. Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 34(2), 46-64.
Chang, B. (2004). From Taiwanisation to De-sinification. China Perspectives, 56, 1-17.
Chang, Y-T. (2006). Cultural Policies and Museum Development in Taiwan. Museum International, 58(4), 64-68.
Chin, K. (2010). Seeing Religion with New Eyes at the Asian Civilisations Museum. Material Religion: The Journal of Objects, Art and Belief, 6(2), 9-10.
Chu, Y-H. & Nathan, A. J. (2007). Seizing the Opportunity for Change in the Taiwan Strait. Washington Quarterly, 31(1), 77-91.
Chun, A. (1994). From Nationalism to Nationalizing: Cultural Imagination and State Formation in Postwar Taiwan. The Austrian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 31, 49-69.
Clifford, J. (1997). Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Corcuff, S. (2002). The Symbolic Dimension of Democratization and the Transition of National Identity under Lee Teng-hui. In S. Corcuff (Ed.). Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Taiwan (pp. 73-101). Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Foucault, M. (1986). Des Espaces Autres (Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias). Architecture, Mouvement, Continuité, no. 5 (October 1984): 46–49; (J. Miskowiec, Trans.). in Diacritics, 16(1), 22–27.
Foucault, M. (1988). The Care of the Self: Volume 3 of the History of Sexuality. (R. Hurley, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books, Random House.
Fowle, K., (2007). Who Cares? Understanding the Role of the Curator Today. In S. Rand & H. Kouris (Eds.). Cautionary Tales: Critical Curating (p. 12). New York: Apexart.
Goode, G. B. (1895). The Principles of Museum Administration. York: Coultas & Volans Exchange Printing Works.
Harrell, S. (1996). Introduction. In M. Brown (Ed.). Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan (pp.1-18). Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California.
Higashi, J. (2014). Heritage and the Reframing of Japan’s National Narrative of Hokkaido: Negotiating Identity in Migration History. In L. Gourievidis (Ed.). Museums and Migration: History, Memory and Politics (pp. 244-263). New York: Routledge.
Hong, J. & Yang, Y. (1999). 台灣博物館展示設計之歷史回顧與未來趨勢 [Future Trends and Past Designs of Taiwan's Museums]. Taipei: National Yunlin University of Science and Technology.
Huntington, S. P. (1993). The Clash of Civilizations?. Foreign Affairs, 72(3), 22-49.
Kamput, K. (2016). Dynamic of Museum Functions in Singapore: Laying the Groundwork Multi-society, Constructing Collective Cultural Memories and Developing Creative Economy. In I. Choosri (Ed.). Museum Refocused (pp. 129-147). Bangkok: The National Discovery Museum Institute. [in Thai]
Kirchberg, V. (2016). Museum Sociology. In L. Hanquinet & M. Savage (Eds.). Routledge International Handbook of the Sociology of Art and Culture (pp. 232-246). New York: Routledge.
Kong, L. (2000). Cultural Policy in Singapore: Negotiating Economic and Socio-Cultural Agendas. Geoforum, 31(4), 409-424.
Kwa Chong Guan. (2011). Transforming the National Museum of Singapore. In J. N. Miksic, G. Y. Goh & S. O’Connor (Eds.). Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia: Preservation, Development, and Neglect (pp. 206). London: Anthem Press.
Kwok, K. (1999). The New Asian Civilisations Museum in Singapore. Archiv fur Völkerkunde, 50, 163–169.
Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon.
Lee, W-I. (2007). The Construction of Community Imaginaries in Taiwan’s Museums and Archives Committees (1945-1978). In C. Storm & M. Harrison (Eds.). The Margins of Becoming: Identity and Culture in Taiwan (pp. 173-184). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
Lord, G. D. & Markert, K. (2007). The Manual of Strategic Planning for Museum. Lanham: AltaMira Press.
Lowenthal, D. (1994). Identity, Heritage and History. In J. R. Gillis (Ed.). Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity (pp. 41-57). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Lu, B. & Lin, P. (2011). 國立故宮博物院院長之角色扮演及行銷策略個案分析 [A Case Study of National Palace Museum’s Directors, Their Roles, and Their Marketing Strategy]. Soochow Journal of Political Science, 29(1), 179-263.
Lynch, D. C. (2004). Taiwan’s Self-Conscious Nation-Building Project. Asian Survey, 44(4), 513-533.
MacDonald, G. (1989). Crossroads of Culture: The Canadian Museum of Civilization. In L.H. Tepper (Ed.). Toward the 21st Century: New Directions for Canada's National Museums, Canadian Museum of Civilization Mercury Series, Directorate Paper No. 5 (pp. 30-40). Hull, PQ: Canadian Museum of Civilization.
Macdonald, S. (1996). Introduction. In S. Macdonald & G. Fyfe (Eds.). Theorizing Museums: Representing Identity and Diversity in a Changing World (pp. 1–18). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Marontate, J. (2005). Museums and the Constitution of Culture. In M. D. Jacobs & N. W. Hanrahan (Eds.). The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Culture (pp. 286-302). Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Massey, D. (1993). A Global Sense of Place. In A. Gray & J. McGuigan (Eds.). Studying Culture (pp. 232–240). London: Edward Arnold.
Meijer-van Mensch, L. & van Mensch, P. (2010). From Disciplinary Control to Co-Creation. Collecting and the Development of Museums as Praxis in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century. In S. Pettersson, M. Hagedorn-Saupe, T. Jyrkkiö & A. Weij (Eds.). Encouraging Collections Mobility: A Way Forward for Museums in Europe (pp. 33–53). Helsinki: Finnish National Gallery.
MICA (Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts). (2008). Renaissance City Plan III. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts.
Museums Association. (2010). Communities... love museums. London: Museums Association. Retrieved from https://www.museumsassociation.org/download?id=143115
Nguyễn Văn Huy. (2010). Vietnam Museum of Ethnology: The Making of a National Museum for Communities. Australia: Common Ground.
Nguyet, T. (2002). Asian Civlisation Museum: A National Museum Singapore. Arts of Asia, 32(6), 44-89.
NHB (National Heritage Board). (2016). New Director of Asian Civilisations Museum Appointed (pp.1-2). Strategic Communications and Digital. Retrieved from https://www.nhb.gov.sg/-/media/nhb/files/media/releases/new-releases/appointment-of-director-acm_-2016.pdf
Nora, P. (1997). Présentation. In P. Nora (Ed.). Les Lieux de Mémoire, 1: La République (pp. 15-21). Paris: Gallimard.
NPM (National Palace Museum). (2010). National Palace Museum Annual Report 2010. Taipei: Taiwan Body and Mind Barrier Welfare Association.
NPM (National Palace Museum). (2011). National Palace Museum Annual Report 2011. Taipei: Navigator Disabled Persons Occupation Development Association.
NPM (National Palace Museum). (2016). National Palace Museum Annual Report 2016. Taipei: Yeou Hsin Printing Co., Ltd.
NPM (National Palace Museum). (2017). National Palace Museum Annual Report 2017. Taipei: National Palace Museum Art Development Operation Fund.
NPM (National Palace Museum). (2018). Splendors of the National Palace Museum: A New Edition. Taipei: Kun Yi Color Reproduction Co., Ltd.
Ooi, C. S. (2002). Cultural Tourism and Tourism Cultures. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School.
Ooi, C. S. (2003). Identities, Museums, and Tourism in Singapore: Think Regionally, Act Locally. Indonesia and the Malay World, 31(89), 80-90.
Pillsbury, C. (2004). A New Take on Multicultural Exhibits: The Asian Civilisations Museum. Arlington: National Association of Museum Exhibition.
Prachuabmoh, C. (2004). Review Guidelines of Ethnic Studies in the Cross Age of Thai Society. In V. Prachyaporn (Ed.). Guidelines of Ethnic Studies (pp. 1-125). Bangkok: Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (Public Organisation). [in Thai]
Saunders, K. J. (2004). Creating and Recreating Heritage in Singapore. Current Issues in Tourism, 7(4-5), 440-448.
Stam, D. C. (1993). The Informed Muse: The Implications of the New Museology for Museum Practice. Museum Management and Curatorship, 12(3), 267–283.
STPB & MITA (Singapore Tourist Promotion Board and Ministry of Information and the Arts). (1995). Singapore: Global City for the Arts. Singapore Tourist Promotion Board and Ministry of Information and the Arts.
Tan, A. P. H. (1999). Two Imaginings: The Past in Present Singapore. In K. W. Kwok, C. G. Kwa, L. Kong & B. S. A. Yeoh (Eds.). Our Place in Time: Exploring Heritage and Memory in Singapore (pp. 111-128). Singapore: Singapore Heritage Society.
Tarulevicz, N. (2009). History Making in Singapore: Who is Producing the Knowledge? New Zealand. Journal of Asian Studies, 11(1), 402-425.
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). (1976). Records of the General Conference, 19th Session, Nairobi, 26 October to 30 November 1976, Vol. 1: Resolutions. Annex I (p. 29). Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000114038.page=145
Vickers, E. (2010). History, Identity, and the Politics of Taiwan’s Museums Reflections on the DPP-KMT Transition. China Perspectives, 2010(3), 92-106.
VNAT (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism). (2013). The Southeast Asian Museum. Retrieved from http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/english/index.php/items/6578
Vy Xuan Hoa. (2008). Chinh sach Dan toc cua Dang, Nha nuoc trong Viec Dam bao Quyen cua cac Dan toc Thieu so Viet Nam. (In Vietnam) [The Partyandthe Government’s Ethnic Policies for Ensuring Rights of Vietnam’s Ethnic Groups]. Ha Noi: Vu Chinh sach Dan toc, Uy ban Dan toc Viet Nam.
Wang, L. (2014). Cultural Difference, National Identity and Cultural Policy in Taiwan. In H. Lee & L. Lim (Eds.). Cultural Policies in East Asia: Dynamics between the State, Arts, and Creative Industries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wang, M. (2016). Digitization and the Depoliticization of Museum Access: The Situation at the National Palace Museum. Advances in Computer Science: An International Journal, 5(3), 40-46.
Wang, M. C. & Lin, J. Q-P. (2018). The Future Museum Shapes the Museum Future: A Progressive Strategy of the National Palace Museum Adopting New Media Art Exhibitions as a Marketing Tool. Arts and the Market, 8(2), 168-181.
Wu, Mi-cha. (2009). 建立一座國家歷史博物館 [onstructing a Museum of National History]. In F. Muyard, L-K. Chou & S. Dreyer (Eds.). 文物, 文化, 遺產與文化認同 [Objects, Heritage and Cultural Identity] (pp. 285-292). Nantou: Taiwan Historica.
Yan, S. Q. (2000), Research on Museum's Visitor Guide: A Case Study on National Science & Technology Museum. Technology Museum Review, 4(5), 86-109.
Zheng, L. (2015). Politicised Cultural Exchanges and Signs of Contestation in Cross-Strait Relations Competing Meanings and Purposes of Culture. (Master’s thesis). Leiden: Leiden University.
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2019-12-30
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Kamput, K. (2019). Museum Management of Learning Spaces in National Civilisations: Synthesis of Asian Civilisations Museum, Republic of Singapore and National Palace Museum, Republic of China. Thai Journal of East Asian Studies, 23(2), 122–152. Retrieved from https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easttu/article/view/241341
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