THE ANALYSIS OF “ LIN ” HEXAGRAM IN THE I CHING

Abstract

This study focuses on an in-depth analysis of the 19th hexagram in the Book of Changes (I Ching), known as "Lin" (Approach). It systematically examines the hexagram’s structural composition, textual interpretation, and the evolution of its understanding across different historical periods. Specifically, the paper explores the insights this hexagram offers for both traditional governance and modern application scenarios. The structure of “earth above the marsh” is commonly interpreted as a model of governance in which the ruler influences the people through moral virtue. Meanwhile, the phrase “misfortune in the eighth month” serves as a warning for rulers to maintain a constant awareness of potential crises. Historically, the study outlines the shift in interpretive focus—from Han dynasty scholars emphasizing symbolic derivation, to Song and Ming Neo-Confucians exploring ethical implications. Notably, modern scholars have adopted new perspectives by applying the wisdom of this hexagram to fields such as management and education, and even drawing comparisons with Western philosophies. The findings suggest that this ancient symbol not only reflects traditional Chinese views on the relationship between Heaven and humanity, but also provides valuable insights for contemporary challenges in organizational governance and leadership development. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this paper aims to demonstrate the potential for transforming traditional philosophical resources within the context of modern society.