Management Skills of 21st Century School Administrators according to the Saṅgahavatthu 4 Principles

Abstract

Leadership skills in the 21st century for school administrators face new challenges arising from social, technological, and economic changes. Applying the Four Saṅgahavatthu (principles of benevolence)—which include Dāna (generosity), Piyavācā (kind speech), Atthacariyā (beneficial conduct), and Samānattatā (equanimity)—in school management can help administrators build strong relationships and create an environment that fosters effective collaboration. These principles also enhance key 21st-century skills, such as leadership, management flexibility, and creative problem-solving. Managing schools according to the Four Saṅgahavatthu provides a powerful framework for developing administrators who are well-equipped to handle the ongoing changes of today’s world.