A Causal Model of Digital Leadership on Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Digital Organizational Culture of SMEs Entrepreneurs in Bangkok Metropolitan Region
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the digital leadership and digital organizational culture on employee creativity, and to investigate the indirect effect of digital leadership on employee creativity through digital organizational culture. Mixed methods have been employed in this quantitative research and the qualitative research. The study model was empirically tested using questionnaire survey of 400 SMEs in Bangkok metropolitan region were selected through stratifies random sampling. Statistics was employed for data analysis in terms of path analysis to find out causal relationship using structural equation modeling technique. In the qualitative research, data were collected from 19 key informants consisting of executives, managers, employees, and organization and human resources management analysts with using the technique of in-depth interview and purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by content analysis.
The findings have revealed a significant connection of the digital leadership and digital organizational culture with the employee creativity. Second, the digital organizational culture mediates between the digital leadership and employee creativity. Therefore, digital leadership was important for enhancing digital organizational culture and employee creativity. The findings of the research can be a guideline for the organization to consider the integration of digital leadership and digital organizational culture in order to leverage the employee creativity in the organizations.
Article Details
References
ภานุรุจ คงศิริวัฒนา, ชมสุภัค ครุฑกะ, นวลละออ แสงสุข และ วรนุช แหยมแสง. (2563). การวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบคุณลักษณะวัฒนธรรมองค์กรดิจิทัล ของบริษัท พีทีที ดิจิตอล โซลูชั่น จำกัด. งานประชุมวิชาการระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 12 มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครปฐม. 9-10 กรกฎาคม 2563 (2167-2182). นครปฐม, ประเทศไทย.
เมทินี วงศ์ธราวัฒน์ และวิโรจน์ เจษฎาลักษณ์. (2565). อิทธิพลของคุณค่าที่อยู่ในงานที่ส่งผลต่อความผูกพันต่อองค์กรด้านความรู้สึกและผลการปฏิบัติงาน ผ่านความคิดสร้างสรรค์ของพนักงาน ร่วมกับการรับรู้ความสามารถของตนเอง และการรับรู้การสนับสนุนจากองค์กรของสถาบันการบินพลเรือน. Veridian E-Journal, Silpakorn University. 12 (4), 724-744.
รุ่งทิวา ภิรมย์ อรพิณ สันติธีรากุล และเขมกร ไชยประสิทธิ์. (2565). ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อความพร้อมของวิสาหกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อมในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ในการปรับเปลี่ยนธุรกิจด้วยดิจิทัล. วารสารบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่. 8 (3), 1-14
สำนักงานส่งเสริมวิสาหกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อม. (2566). สถิติข้อมูลผู้ประกอบการ SME ในแต่ละพื้นที่ จังหวัด. ออนไลน์. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 ตุลาคม 2566 แหล่งที่มา: https://www.smebigdata.com/msme/ dashboard-a.
สำนักงานส่งเสริมเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัล. (2566). เทคโนโลยีนวัตกรรมดิจิทัลกับการสร้างมูลค่า ผลกระทบทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคม. ออนไลน์. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 กรกฎาคม 2566. แหล่งที่มา:https://www.depa.or.th/ th/article-view/tech-innovation-article
Amabile, T. M. (1995). Attributions of creativity: what are the consequences?. Creativity Research Journal. 8 (4), 423-426.
Amabile, T. M. (1997). Motivating creativity in organizations: on doing what you love and loving what you do. California Management Review. 40 (1), 39-58.
Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review. 76 (5), 76-87.
Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative Science Quarterly. 50 (3), 367-403.
Awadh, A. M., & Saad, A. M. (2013). Impact of organizational culture on employee performance. International Review of Management and Business Research. 2 (1), 168-175.
Baqal, Y. F., & Surarchith, N. K. (2018). The impact of organizational culture and creativity of employees on performance of employees–evidence from IT based companies in India, International Conference on Accounting, Business, Economics and Politics. (pp. 89-97). Erbil-Kurdistan, Iraq: Tishk International University.
Buchanan, J., Kelley, B., & Hatch, A. (2016). Digital workplace and culture: How digital technologies are changing the workforce and how enterprises can adapt and evolve.Online. Retrieved March 1, 2024. From https://www2.deloitte.com/ content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/human-capital/us-cons-digital-workplace-and-culture.pdf.
Costanza, D. P., Blacksmith, N., Coats, M. R., Severt, J. B., & DeCostanza, A. H. (2016). The effect of adaptive organizational culture on long-term survival. Journal of Business and Psychology, 31 (3), 361-381.
De Araujo, L. M., Priadana, S., Paramarta, V., & Sunarsi, D. (2021). Digital leadership in business organizations. International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership, 2 (1), 45-56.
De Waal, B., Van Outvorst, F., & Ravesteyn, P. (2016). Digital leadership: he objective-subjective dichotomy of technology revisited. In Proceedings of the 12th Europenan Management, Leadership and Governance ECMLG. (pp. 52–61). Bucharest, Romania: Curran Associates, Inc.
Denison, Daniel R. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Denison, D. R., & Mishra, A. K. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization Science, 6 (2), 204-223.
Duerr, S., Holotiuk, F., Wagner, H. T., Beimborn, D., & Weitzel, T. (2018). What is digital organizational culture? Insights from exploratory case studies. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. (pp. 5126–5135). USA: Hilton Waikoloa Village.
El Sawy, O. A., Kræmmergaard, P., Amsinck, H., & Vinther, A. L. (2016). How LEGO built the foundations and enterprise capabilities for digital leadership. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15 (2), 141-166.
Erhan, T., Uzunbacak, H. H., & Aydin, E. (2022). From conventional to digital leadership: exploring digitalization of leadership and innovative work behavior. Management Research Review, 45 (11), 1524-1543.
Fahmi, T. A., Tjakraatmadja, J. H., & Ginting, H. (2023). An empirical study of emerging digital culture and digital attitudes in an established company. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 16 (2), 342-362.
Fatimah, W., & Martdianty, F. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership on employee creativity mediated by organizational culture and organizational learning (studies on ESQ employees). SSRN Electronic Journal, https://doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.3757886
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39–50.
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2002). Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don't: the role of context and clarity of feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 687-697.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Inam, A., Ho, J. A., Zafar, H., Khan, U., Sheikh, A. A., & Najam, U. (2021). Fostering creativity and work engagement through perceived organizational support: The interactive role of stressors. Sage Open, 11 (3), 1-16.
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership, innovation climate, creative self-efficacy and employee creativity: A multilevel study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.002
Johnson, A. (2015). Creativity and Intuition. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 2 (2), 9-21.
Kane, G. C., Anh, N., Phillips, J. C., & Garth, A. (2019). How digital leadership is(n’t) different. MIT Sloan Management Review, 60 (30), 34–39.
Karamipour, M. R., Mehraban, M., & Jahani, S. (2015). The effect of organizational culture on the employee’s creativity. SAUSSUREA Multidisciplinary International Peer Reviewed Journal, 3 (2), 40-53.
Kelloway, E. K. (2015). Using Mplus for structural equation modeling: A researcher's guide. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
Khan, A. A., Bashir, M., Abrar, M., & Saqib, S. (2017). The effect of organizational culture on employee's creativity, the mediating role of employee's cognitive ability. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 9 (2), 217-230.
Lam, L., Nguyen, P., Le, N., & Tran, K. (2021). The relation among organizational culture, knowledge management, and innovation capability: Its implication for open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7 (1), 1-16.
Levin, I., & Mamlok, D. (2021). Culture and society in the digital age. Information, 12 (2), 1-13.
Liu, D., Jiang, K., Shalley, C. E., Keem, S., & Zhou, J. (2016). Motivational mechanisms of employee creativity: A meta-analytic examination and theoretical extension of the creativity literature. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 137, 236-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.08.001
Lu, J., Zhang, Z., & Jia, M. (2019). Does servant leadership affect employees’ emotional labor? A social information-processing perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 159 (2), 507-518.
Makumbe, W. (2022). The impact of organizational culture on employee creativity amongst Zimbabwean academics. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 14 (2), 523-531.
Martínez-Caro, E., Cegarra-Navarro, J. G., & Alfonso-Ruiz, F. J. (2020). Digital technologies and firm performance: The role of digital organisational culture. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 154, 119962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore. 2020.119962
Mbayong, N. A., & Placide, D. N. N. (2021). Assessing the role of organisational culture on workforce creativity; an assessment of the support staff of university of bamenda, cameroon. European journal of management and marketing studies, 6 (2), 49-80.
Medah, F. U. F., & Hendarman, A. F. (2023). The relationship between digital culture and employee performance in PT. PLN (Persero) UID Jakarta Raya and PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Menteng. American International Journal of Business Management, 6 (3), 18-26.
Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36 (4), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.002
Mihardjo, L., Sasmoko, S., Alamsyah, F., & Elidjen, E. J. M. S. L. (2019). The influence of digital leadership on innovation management based on dynamic capability: Market orientation as a moderator. Management Science Letters, 9 (7), 1059-1070.
Mihardjo, L. W. W., & Rukmana, R. A. (2018). Does digital leadership impact directly or indirectly on dynamic capability: Case on Indonesia telecommunication industry in digital transformation?.The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2, 832-841. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi2.832.841
Nasifoglu Elidemir, S., Ozturen, A., & Bayighomog, S. W. (2020). Innovative behaviors, employee creativity, and sustainable competitive advantage: A moderated mediation. Sustainability, 12 (8), 3295. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083295
Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGrawHill.
Nylén, D., & Holmström, J. (2015). Digital innovation strategy: A framework for diagnosing and improving digital product and service innovation. Business Horizons, 58 (1), 57-67.
Oberer, B., & Erkollar, A. (2018). Leadership 4.0: Digital leaders in the age of industry 4.0. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7 (4), 404–412.
Rovinelli, R. J., & Hambleton, R. K. (1977). On the use of content specialists in the assessment of criterion referenced test item validity. Dutch Journal of Educational Research, 2 (2), 49-60.
Schiuma, G., Schettini, E., Santarsiero, F., & Carlucci, D. (2022). The transformative leadership compass: six competencies for digital transformation entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 28 (5), 1273-1291.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Shaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevino, L., & Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organizational levels. Academy of Management Journal, 55 (5), 1053-1078.
Shin, J., Mollah, M. A., & Choi, J. (2023). Sustainability and organizational performance in South Korea: The effect of digital leadership on digital culture and employees’ digital capabilities. Sustainability, 15 (3), 2027. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032027
Stevens, J.P. (2009). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences (5th ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Wang, T., Lin, X., & Sheng, F. (2022). Digital leadership and exploratory innovation: From the dual perspectives of strategic orientation and organizational culture. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 902693. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902693
Wesseling, J. H., Bidmon, C., & Bohnsack, R. (2020). Business model design spaces in socio-technical transitions: The case of electric driving in the Netherlands. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 154, 119950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore. 2020.119950.
Zhen, Z., Yousaf, Z., Radulescu, M., & Yasir, M. (2021). Nexus of digital organizational culture, capabilities, organizational readiness, and innovation: Investigation of SMEs operating in the digital economy. Sustainability, 13, 720. https://doi.org/10.3390 /su13020720
Zhu, J., Zhang, B., Xie, M., & Cao, Q. (2022). Digital leadership and employee creativity: The role of employee job crafting and person-organization fit. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 827057. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827057
Zhu, P. (2015). Digital master: Debunk the myths of enterprise digital maturity. Morrisville, NC: Lulu Publishing Services.
