Journal of European Studies

The Jews and Judaism During Emancipation Period (From the First Decade of the 19th Century Until the Outbreak of the First World War in the Year 1914) emphasizing on Germany :

Bunpot Gumnerdsiri — Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0700

In Judaism “chosenness” is the belief that the Jews are chosen people, or selected to be in a covenant with God. This should actually be blessings for these gifted people, but what they had experienced throughout European history such as forced migrations, discrimination, grounded in Ghetto or even fell into mass murders and massacre, especially in the Second World War should be considered as a curse for these pitiful people instead. These long-time agony and miseries did not lessen their will for survival and hope for a better life in the promised land, on the contrary, this enhanced their universal unity even more. They had begun to fight for their rights for so long since 15^th century when Europe entered the Modern Era. Their movements to attain the right to exist without political and social discrimination, which had been called “Jewish Emancipation Period” began more intensely in the second half of 18^th century when Europe entered Age of Enlightenment. Eventually the ideas of freedom, equality and fraternity flourished which finally led to the concept of human rights. During this liberal atmosphere, although the European Jews were divided into several groups with different targets, their sense of unity had never disappeared and their goals of emancipation had never changed. Some had been assimilated, reformed or even radicalized. The turning point came with the concept of strong German nationalism which divided the Jews into 2 main groups, assimilated Jews or Zionists who aimed to create Jewish nation again. The massacre of 6 millions Jews by the Nazis in the Second World War gave Zionism legitimacy to lead European Jews and Jews from around the world to found their own country successfully in the promised land – Palestine - after the war ended and has fought for their right to exist against their Muslim neighbours ever since.

Normative Power vs. National Interests in the Policy-Making Process of the EU Relating to Refugee Crisis:

chanoknan boriphon — Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0700

‘Normative Power’ is one of the most important powers of European Union. With a hope for the existing and new norms to be accepted by its members and international actors. Its mission is to shape conceptual, and to build rules and ideas of ‘the common goods.’ Through the study of refugee crisis in Europe, norms are diffused thanks to procedural diffusion, which is where European Union’s organs and institutions play a great role. The EU-Turkey deal was made and hoped to tackle the refugee problems. It comes up with various measures, such as returning of irregular migrants, control of migration, and one-to-one policy. This is a significant start from two cores international actors to deal with transborder problems. Unfortunately, the deal is not the best one possible. Some crucial problems still occur; reluctant of Turkey towards the EU, an unsuccessful settlement of norms, an unbinding agreement, a damaged portray of NPE and the most important one, harms towards refugees and their rights. These failures combined with Intergovernmentalism theory help us to explore that norms are, however, not the main priority of any policy, but a national interest. European Union is used by its members to express their interests, which on another hand can be interpreted that norms has not been settled even within the Union itself.

French Strategy in the Indo-Pacific:

Ratchaphon , Natthanan Kunnamas — Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0700

The French Strategy in the Indo-Paciific is implementd based on four main pillars: enhancing peace and security , increasing France’s partnerships with the majors regional players, strenthening the multipolar world order, and committing to address climate change. The aim of the study is thus to answer the question: “what are the key factors, with respect to the continuing international context, contributing to the motivation behind the The French Strategy in the Indo-Paciific?” The findings show that the rise of China under Xi Jin Ping’s presidency, the American Unilateralism during Donald Trump’s administration , and Brexit correspondingly contribute to the implementation of the Strategy. In addition, as the study was conducted with reference to Joseph Nye’s Power framework, the researcher finds that France uses the Indo-Pacifc Strategy as a Smart Power uniting both the Charles de Gaulle’s policy of Grandeur and the European Union’s multilateralism vis-à-vis the structural change of international relations and the promotion of multipolar order in Indo-Pacific region.