Journal of Graduate School Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University

FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ DECISION TO PURSUE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF PHETCHABURI VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OFFICE

Churalaksana Prapan, Samrit Saengthong, Pairach Maneechote — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) examine the factors influencing the decision to pursue vocational education among students in institutions under the Office of Vocational Education Commission (OVEC) in Phetchaburi Province; 2) investigate the level of students’ decision–making regarding their pursuit of vocational education in these institutions; and 3) analyze the factors affecting the decision to pursue vocational education. The research sample consisted of 302 students from institutions under OVEC in Phetchaburi Province, selected through multi–stage sampling. The research instrument was a set of 5-point Likert scale questionnaires, with a reliability coefficient of 0.987. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, and Stepwise multiple regression.

Research findings revealed that: 1) The factors influencing students' decisions to pursue vocational education were, overall, at a high level. These factors, arranged in descending order of mean scores, were Influence from relevant individuals, Employment opportunities, Personal reasons, Curriculum, and College reputation and Image. 2) The level of decision–making among students regarding vocational education was overall at a high level. Ranked from highest to lowest mean scores, these aspects included: implementing the decision in practice, analyzing options, selecting the best choice, identifying problems, developing alternatives, recognizing constraints of factors, and establishing a control and evaluation system; 3) Factors influencing students' decision–making in vocational education were identified into four categories: 1) Personal reasons, 2) Curriculum, 3) Influence from relevant individuals, and 4) Employment opportunities. These factors collectively accounted for 75.20% of the predictive efficiency, which can be expressed as a raw score prediction equation as follows : _tot = 0.854 + 0.338X₁ + 0.151 X₃ + 0.171 X₄ + 0.151 X₅

GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY IN SCHOOLS UNDER UBONRATCHATHANI PRIMARY EDUCATION SERVICE AREA OFFICE 2

Anupong Prommueang, Nawee Udorn, Akkharawat Buppataweesak — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to 1) examine the current and desired conditions of school safety operations; 2) assess the needs for developing school safety; 3) develop guidelines for developing school safety; and 4) evaluate the appropriateness and feasibility of guidelines for developing safety in schools under Ubonratchathani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample group consisted of 337 participants, including 26 school administrators and 311 teachers. The research instruments comprised a set of questionnaires, an interview form, and an assessment form regarding feasibility. The percentage criteria were used in determining the sample size. The statistics employed were mean, standard deviation, and the modified priority needs index (PNI Modified).

The research results revealed that 1) the overall current conditions regarding guidelines for developing school safety, while the overall desirable conditions were at the highest level; 2) The needs that were higher than the overall average included accident measures, physical and psychological aspects; 3) The guidelines for developing school safety comprised five aspects: (1) accident measures, (2) physical and psychological aspects, (3) school environment (4) violence prevention and (5) disaster management; and 4) The overall developed guidelines were assessed at a high level of appropriateness and feasibility.

THE 21st CENTURY LEADERSHIP SKILLS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AFFECTING ORGANIZATION WELL–BEING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER SING BURI PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE

Arthitiya Detphadung, Phuwadon Chulasukhont, Sermsap Vorapanya — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to 1) examine the level of leadership skills of school administrators in the 21^st–century under Sing Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office; 2) explore the level of organizational well–being within educational institutions under Sing Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office; and 3) investigate the leadership skills of school administrators in the 21^st century affecting organizational well–being within educational institutions under Sing Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office. The sample for this study consisted of 269 individuals, selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The research instrument was a set of questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the Enter method.

Findings were as follows: 1) The overall leadership skills of school administrators in the 21^st century under Sing Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office were rated at a high level. When considered by aspect, all areas were rated at a high level, and ranked from highest to lowest average score as communication skills, creativity skills, visionary skills, and collaboration skills. 2) The overall organizational well–being within educational institutions under Sing Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office was rated at the highest level. When considered by aspect, three areas were rated at the highest level, and one area at a high level, the order from highest to lowest average score was community connection, human resources, workplace health, physical work environment, and social work environment. 3) The leadership skills of school administrators in the 21^st century, specifically visionary skills, collaboration skills, and creativity skills, significantly predicted organizational well–being within educational institutions under Sing Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office at 62.5% with the .05 level of significance.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS USING SCAFFOLDING TECHNIQUE FOR MATHAYOMSUKSA 4 STUDENTS

Pakpilai Pimpan, Goachagorn Thipatdee, Sirisuda Thongchalerm — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this study were 1) to develop learning activity packages for English reading comprehension using scaffolding technique for Mathayomsuksa 4 students with the required efficiency of 80/80; 2) to examine and compare English reading comprehension skills before and after using scaffolding technique for Mathayomsuksa 4 students; and 3) to investigate the satisfaction of the students with English reading comprehension activities using scaffolding technique for Mathayomsuksa 4 students. The sample was 30 Mathayomsuksa 4 students at Amnatcharoenpittayakom School in the first semester of 2024, selected by cluster sampling. The research instruments were 12 reading activity packages, a 40-item test assessing English reading comprehension skills, and a 20–item survey measuring student satisfaction with the developed learning management. The statistics were mean, percentage, standard deviation, the effectiveness index, and the t–test for Dependent Samples.

The research findings were as follows: 1) The package efficiency values were 83.00/83.92, which exceeded the established criteria of 80/80; 2) The English reading comprehension skills of Mathayomsuksa 4 students were higher than those before the intervention at the .01 level of significance, with an increase of 75.75 at a higher level. and 3) The satisfaction of Mathayomsuksa 4 students with the developed learning management was overall at the highest level. (= 4.67 และ S.D. = 0.58)

NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPING TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF ADMINISTRATORS IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF NAKHON PHANOM MUNICIPALITY

Sirina Mungtisan, Akkaluck Pheasa, Waro Phengsawat — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to assess the need for developing transformational leadership of school administrators in schools under the jurisdiction of Nakhon Phanom Municipality. The research target group comprised 175 administrators in schools under the jurisdiction of Nakhon Phanom Municipality. The research instruments included a set of 5-level rating scale questionnaires, with an Index of Item Objective Congruence ranging from .80 to 1.00. The discrimination for the actual conditions ranged from .31 to .97 with a reliability of .98, while those for the expected conditions ranged from .30 to .66 with a reliability of .97. Statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Priority Needs Index Analysis.

The results showed that: 1) The overall actual conditions regarding the transformational leadership of school administrators were rated at the highest level (= 4.55), while those in the expected conditions were overall rated at the highest level (= 4.71), 2) The overall need for developing transformational leadership among school administrators was indicated by a PNI modified value of 0.053. The components were ranked in descending order of their PNI modified values as follows: intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, creating a shared vision, creating inspiration, and idealized influence; and 3) The guidelines for developing transformational leadership of school administrators under the jurisdiction of Nakhon Phanom Municipality identified aspects needing improvement in Intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration.

TRANSFERS AND RESIGNATIONS OF GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND CONTRACT EMPLOYEES: A CASE OF THE MUNICIPALITY IN PHRA SAMUT CHEDI DISTRICT, SAMUT PRAKARN PROVINCE

Pattanaporn Sanbud, Wanlop Piriyawattana — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) examine the personal factors affecting the decision regarding transfer and resignation of government officials and contract employees working in municipalities in Phra Samut Chedi District, Samut Prakan Province, and 2) compare the transfer and resignation of government officials and contract employees in the municipality of Phra Samut Chedi District, Samut Prakan Province, classified by personal factors. This quantitative research studied the concept of personnel management, transfer, resignation, and organizational commitment as the research framework. Government officials and contract employees working in municipalities in Phra Samut Chedi District consisted of 291 individuals. The sample of 168 participants included 108 from Phra Samut Chedi Subdistrict Municipality and 60 from Laem Pha Pha Subdistrict Municipality. The sample group was selected according to Taro Tamane's concept. The research instrument was a set of questionnaires. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t–test, and F–test.

The research results found that 1) The internal organizational factors affecting the decision to transfer or resignation of government officials and contract employees working in the municipalities were overall at a moderate level; and 2) The organizational commitment factors affecting the decision to transfer or resignation of government officials and contract employees working in the municipalities were overall at a high level. The results of the hypothesis testing of all seven hypotheses indicated that government officials and contract employees working in municipalities with different personal factors, namely gender, age, marital status, education level, monthly income, position, and length of service, showed no differences in their decisions to transfer or resign. The research findings can inform guidelines for problem-solving and solution development, aiming at reducing the transfer or resignation rates among government officials and contract employees through the formulation of more effective human resource management policies to enhance work efficiency among government officials and contract employees.

AN EVALUATION OF THE BASIC SEWING TRAINING CURRICULUM AT B4LAO TRAINING CENTER, SAVANNAKHET PROVINCE, LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, USING THE CIPP MODEL

Sirinuch Suriyakham, Suwisa Jarutkamolpong, Pichittra Thongpanit — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to evaluate the Basic Sewing Vocational Curriculum at the B4Lao Training Center in Savannakhet Province through the CIPP Model, comprising context, input, process and product. The research sample consisted of 42 participants, including two administrators, one sewing instructor, one foundation committee member, five current students, and 33 alumni. The data collection tools included structured interviews and a set of questionnaires. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

The research results revealed that: 1) Context: The developed curriculum promoted practical skill development aligned with labor market and community needs and was rated overall at a high level of appropriateness, with a mean score of 4.33; 2) Input: Instructors demonstrated expertise, while students showed commitment to skill enhancement and effective resource management, which was rated overall at a high level of appropriateness, with a mean score of 3.95; 3) Process: The developed curriculum supported learning management in all aspects characterized by flexibility and alignment with students’ needs and was rated overall at a high level of appropriateness, with a mean score of 4.31; and 4) Product: Students and alumni showed significant improvement in sewing skills and personal development, enabling them to pursue their careers effectively, with an overall appropriateness rated at a high level, with a mean score of 3.83.

INNOVATIVE LEADERSHIP OF ADMINISTRATORS AFFECTING ACTIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT OF TEACHERS IN SAMUT SONGKHRAM PROVINCE

Jiramate Jiangtrakoon, Chulaporn Srirangsan, Apichat Lenanant — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research aimed to 1) examine the innovative leadership of school administrators in Samut Songkhram Province, 2) explore the active learning management of teachers in Samut Songkhram Province, and 3) examine the innovative leadership of school administrators affecting the active learning management of teachers in Samut Songkhram Province. The research sample consisted of 201 teachers working at secondary schools in Samut Songkhram Province during the 2023 academic year. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's table, selected by simple random sampling. The research instrument was a set of 5-rating scale questionnaires with a reliability of 0.971. The statistics were used for analysis of mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The findings revealed that: 1) The overall level of innovative leadership among school administrators was high; and when ranked in descending order, the components were innovative learning network, creative and innovative thinking skills, innovative vision, innovative organizational climate, and teamwork and innovative participation; 2) The active learning management of teachers in Samut Songkhram Province was rated overall at a high level. When ranked in descending order by mean scores, the components were identified as practical implementation, collaboration, teacher’s role, use of learning experiences, and application of learning skills; and 3) The analysis of the innovative leadership of school administrators affecting the active learning management of teachers in Samut Songkhram Province showed that the innovative organizational climate (X₄) and creative and innovative thinking skills (X₃) significantly predicted teachers’ active learning management, with 31.81% effectiveness at the .05 level of statistical significance. The prediction equation in unstandardized form was as follows: _tot = 2.451 + 0.238 (X₄) + 0.215 (X₃)

PARTICIPATION OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT NAKHON PHANOM PROVINCE FROM SECONDARY CITIES TO MAIN CITIES

Pasit Jandang, Samran Wised, Worawut Inthanon — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were 1) the level of participation of government agencies in tourism management in Nakhon Phanom Province, from secondary cities to main cities, 2) the level of factors affecting the participation of government agencies in tourism management in Nakhon Phanom Province, from secondary cities to main cities, and 3) the factors affecting the participation of government agencies in tourism management in Nakhon Phanom Province, from secondary cities to main cities. The sample consisted of 378 participants using Yamane Taro's formula. The instrument used was a set of questionnaires with a reliability of .94. Data were analyzed through frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.

The research results found that: 1) The level of participation of government agencies in tourism management in Nakhon Phanom Province, during the transition from secondary cities to main cities, was at a moderate level. Considering each aspect, participation in benefits, operations, and decision–making was also moderate; 2) The factors affecting the government agencies’ participation in tourism management in Nakhon Phanom Province, during the transition from secondary cities to main cities, were overall at a moderate level. These factors were motivation, communication, and organizational culture; and 3) The factors affecting the government agencies’ participation in tourism management in Nakhon Phanom Province, during the transition from secondary cities to main cities, using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient statistics, showed a moderate relationship at the .05 level of significance

ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE PROVINCIAL OFFICE OF LEARNING ENCOURAGEMENT IN THE EASTERN REGION

Pornpatchara Pinthong, Linda Narkpoy, Porntip Onkasem — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to examine 1) the level of administrative factors in schools, 2) the level of implementation of internal quality assurance in schools, 3) the relationship between administrative factors and implementation of internal quality assurance in schools, and 4) the administrative factors affecting implementation of internal quality assurance in schools under the Provincial Office of Learning Encouragement in the Eastern Region. The sample consisted of 274 participants, including school administrators and teachers. The instrument used for data collection was a set of 5-point scale questionnaires, which consisted of two sections with a total of 51 items. The content validity was assessed. using an Item–Objective Congruence (IOC) index ranging from .80 to 1.00, a discrimination index between .76 and .91, and a reliability of .99. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the enter method.

The research findings revealed that: 1) The level of administrative factors, both overall and by aspect, was high, with mean scores ranging from high to low in the following areas: organizational culture, leadership, organizational structure, and information technology, respectively; 2)The level of implementation of internal quality assurance, both overall and by aspect, was high, with mean scores ranging from high to low in the following areas: educational quality development, monitoring and inspection, and evaluation, respectively; 3) Administrative factors had a positive correlation with the implementation of internal quality assurance in schools at a high level (r_xy= .818), with the .01 level of significance; and 4) Administrative factors, namely organizational culture, information technology, leadership, and organizational structure, affected the implementation of internal quality assurance in schools. These factors jointly explained 85.90% of the variance in the prediction. The regression equation in raw score form was Y´ = 1.067 + .434X₂ + .233X₄ + .185X₃ + .167X_1, and in standardized scores form: Z´Y = .454Z₂ + .222Z₄ + .186Z₃ + .168Z_1.

ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP OF ADMINISTRATORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION OF SCHOOL INTERNAL SUPERVISION UNDER PRACHIN BURI PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 1

kalyarat Kangthin, Linda Narkpoy, Porntip Onkasem — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to examine 1) the level of administrators’ academic leadership; 2) the level of the operation of school internal supervision; 3) the relationship between academic leadership of administrators and the operation of school internal supervision; and 4) the academic leadership of administrators affecting the operation of school internal supervision under Prachinburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. The sample used in the research included 285 government teachers. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan Table and multi–stage sampling. The research instrument comprised a set of questionnaires, with a reliability of .99. The statistics for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.

The research findings revealed that: 1) The level of academic leadership of administrators, overall and each aspect, was high, ranging by mean scores from high to low in the following areas: setting vision, mission, goals, promoting academic atmosphere, teachers’ development, and organizing the curriculum and instruction, respectively; 2) The level of operation of school internal supervision, overall and each aspect, was high, ranging by mean scores from high to low in the following areas: supervision operations, supervision planning, evaluation and reporting, study of current conditions, problems, and needs, and creation of media and tools of supervision, respectively; 3) The academic leadership of administrators and operation of internal supervision in schools showed a high positive correlation, at the .01 level of significance; and 4) The academic leadership of administrators affected the operation of school internal supervision, ranging by predictive power from high to low in the following categories: setting vision, mission, and goals, organizing the curriculum and instruction, promoting academic atmosphere, and teachers’ development. These variables were able to jointly predict the operation of school internal supervision at 74.80%. The regression equation in raw score form was Y´ .193 + .456X₂ + .296X4 + .107X₁ + .092X_3, and in standardized score form: Z´Y = .597Z₂ + .285Z₄ + .105Z₁ + .089Z_3.

ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP OF ADMINISTRATORS AFFECTING LEARNING ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOLS UNDER SAKON NAKHON PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 3

Chatchchanok Ngaolakhon, Wanphen Nanthasri , Suphirun ๋Jantarak — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to examine the administrators’ academic leadership that affected the learning organization in schools under Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample, selected through multi–stage random sampling, consisted of 322 administrators and teachers in schools. The research instruments comprised a set of 5-level rating scale questionnaires, with a reliability of .95. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research results revealed that: 1) The administrators’ academic leadership was overall at a high level, 2) The learning organization was overall at a high level, 3) The administrators’ academic leadership demonstrated a high level of positive relationship with the school’s learning organization at the .01 level of significance, 4) The administrators’ academic leadership significant predicted the learning organization in schools under Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 at the .01 level of significance, and 5) The guidelines for developing administrators’ academic leadership that affected the school's learning organization comprised four aspects: 1) providing incentives for teachers, 2) setting school goals, 3) curriculum management, and 4) learning management.

BRAND DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COMMUNITY IDENTITY AND INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research has the objective to develop brands through community identity through community participation. and integrated marketing communications. This research uses participatory action research (PAR) using a mixed method, consisting of qualitative research and quantitative research. Data were collected through in–depth interviews, focus group discussions, data collection in the form of documents, textbooks, articles, research, and integrated community product marketing communication questionnaires. The case study was the Pla Ra Bong Phithak Tham Community Enterprise Group, Ban Dong Mafai, Khammin Subdistrict, Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon Province.

The research findings revealed that in designing brands through community identity, designers should be involved in understanding and absorbing the community's identity and way of life until they become one with the community. This leads to the development of brands and packaging that meet the needs and have interesting and memorable forms. It can communicate the benefits of the product, making consumers feel the quality they receive. It has a clear personality, looks modern, and does not fall out of date. Good brand development design should be approved by the members of the community who own the product and reflect the existing identity of the community. Until being able to develop a brand under the name "Pla Ra Bong Phithaktham". After the product and brand design process, the researchers reviewed the literature to study the channels for integrated product marketing communication through five channels: 1) advertising, 2) public relations, 3) sales promotion, 4) sales force, and 5) direct marketing. After conducting integrated marketing communication, it was found that the use of integrated communication through these channels can effectively create and promote product sales. It is convenient, reduces communication costs, and collects consumer data for future sales promotion. However, communication must be continuous, diverse, and cover both online and offline media. It must also communicate in the same direction in order to build on and create a stable career in the future.