Journal of MCU Buddhasothorn Review

The Development of Neyyattha and Nītattha

Waichanin Meesuwan, Montree sirarojananan; Ông Palad Sarawut Chantana — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines the meaning and development of the concept of neyyattha–nītattha in Theravāda Buddhism, a hermeneutical principle used to distinguish between the Buddha’s discourses that require interpretation (neyyattha) and those that are directly intelligible (nītattha), in order to prevent misrepresentation of the Dhamma. The commentarial tradition explains that expressions employing conventional designations (sammuti), such as “person” or “being,” are neyyattha statements because their literal meaning cannot be taken at face value and must be interpreted in accordance with the principle of paramattha-sacca (ultimate truth). In contrast, teachings such as “All conditioned phenomena are impermanent” are nītattha, since they directly convey the nature of reality. This distinction reflects a linguistic understanding that the Buddha employed worldly language without reifying it as ultimate truth, recognizing that language is a relative and context-dependent construct.

Subsequently, the concept of neyyattha–nītattha evolved into the framework of sammuti-sacca and paramattha-sacca, forming the basis of the two-truth theory later articulated by Nāgārjuna and developed within the Theravāda commentarial tradition to explain the relationship between linguistic expression and truth in the Buddha’s discourses. Buddhaghosa and Dhammapāla further advanced this interpretative approach through the notion of upacāra (“figurative usage”), a linguistic hermeneutic method encompassing categories such as phalūpacāra, karaṇūpacāra, ṭhānūpacāra, and abhedūpacāra. This development gave rise to an increasingly sophisticated system of textual analysis, demonstrating the systematic evolution of Buddhist hermeneutics from the time of the Buddha to the commentarial era.

Administration In Accordance with Good Governance of School Administrators Bang Phli Group 1, Samut Prakan Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Wipawadee Wongsuriya; Phuwanai Suwantara — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study the administration based on the principles of good governance among school administrators and to compare the administration practices in accordance with good governance principles among school administrators in Bang Phli Group 1 under the Samut Prakan Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, classified by gender, educational level, position, and work experience. The research employed a survey design. The study area was Bang Phli Group 1 under the Samut Prakan Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample consisted of 186 teachers in Bang Phli Group 1, selected using stratified random sampling by proportion and simple random sampling across schools. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using basic statistics, including percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, namely the t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that:
1. Overall, the administration of school administrators based on the principles of good governance in Bang Phli Group 1 under the Samut Prakan Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 was at a high level. Considering each aspect, the highest mean score was found in the principle of efficiency, followed by the principle of morality, while the principle of participation ranked the lowest.
2. The administration based on the principles of good governance, when classified by gender, educational level, and position, showed no statistically significant differences. However, when classified by work experience, statistically significant differences were found at the .05 level.

Necessary Needs For Developing Ethical Leadership of Administrators of Educational Institutions Under Local Administrative Organizations. Sawankhalok District Sukhothai Province

Sarutchaya sukpoommarin; Nonglak ChaiChalad — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study the needs for developing ethical leadership among school administrators under the local administrative organizations in Sawankhalok District, Sukhothai Province. The sample consisted of 16 directors and 54 teachers from child development centers, totaling 70 participants. The research instrument was a questionnaire assessing the current and desired states of ethical leadership. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Priority Needs Index (PNI).The results revealed that the current state of ethical leadership was at a high level, while the desired state was at the highest level. When considering each dimension, the highest need was in the area of justice (PNI = 0.29), followed by trust (PNI = 0.28), and responsibility (PNI = 0.25), respectively. It is recommended that school administrators place importance on fair and lawful management, strictly adhere to rules and regulations, and foster trust and responsibility. These improvements will enhance ethical leadership and support the sustainable development of educational institutions.

THE PROCESS OF SOCIAL INNOVATION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND REVITALIZATION OF PAKAOMA WEAVING IN BAN PAKAOW COMMUNITY: INTEGRATION THROUGH THE POWER OF BAWORN

Phra Pattraruj Pattaradechawit; Phra Udombundit Seemai , Kuanchanok Laosunthara — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: (1) Examine the current conditions, problems, and needs regarding the conservation and revitalization of Pakaoma weaving in Ban Pakaow Community, Ang Thong Province, Thailand, (2) Develop an appropriate process of social innovation for the conservation and revitalization of Pakaoma weaving and (3) Strengthen the power of Bowon network in driving the project for conserving and revitalizing Pakaoma weaving. This is qualitative research, using social innovation and the concept of Baworn as the research framework. The study area is Ban Pakaow Community. Key informants have been selected, totaling 25 people individuals (1) administrators, (2) community leaders, (3) local residents engaged in Pakaoma weaving, and (4) representatives from partner networks. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, organized group discussions and observation recording to implement the developing process of creating social innovation through purposive sampling, analyzed by content analysis, followed by descriptive narration. The findings of this research were as follows (1) Pakaoma weaving in Ban Pakaow Community is experiencing a severe crisis due to a decrease in new-generation weavers, insufficient market support, and a lack of systematic mechanisms for transferring local wisdom, (2) The appropriate social innovation creation process emphasizes participation from all sectors through the Power of Baworn and connection with online markets, which can establish sustainable mechanisms for conservation and revitalization and (3) Strengthening the Bowon network to concretely drive the conservation and revitalization projects by fostering robust cooperation within the community. The knowledge derived from this research is the PATTRARUJ Model, a systematic conceptual framework for sustainably preserving and revitalizing weaving wisdom. It integrates community empowerment with knowledge management, product development, marketing, and technology to preserve traditional values while simultaneously creating social and economic value.

An Experience-Based Learning System to Enhance Learning in Geographic Information Technology for Students of Mahamakut Buddhist University, Srilanchang Campus

PhraSitthichai Rinrit; Chawal Siriwat, Suwatsan Ragkhanto — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to (1) study knowledge about Experience-Based Learning System to Enhance Learning in Geographic Information Technology for Students of Mahamakut Buddhist University, Srilanchang Campus; (2) develop an experience-based Learning system; (3) trial an experience-based Learning system; and (4) evaluate an experience-based Learning system. The research utilized a Research and Development (R&D) design and piloted it with 11 third-year students in the first semester of 2024. The findings revealed the following:
1. Studying knowledge about experiential teaching systems promoted students' practical learning, developed 21st-century skills, understood spatial relationships, integrated across disciplines, and prepared for the digital age.
2. Creating an experiential teaching system from learning. The learning process consisted of seven steps: (1) Knowledge Study, (2) Needs Assessment, (3) Conceptual Framework Development, (4) Soliciting Feedback, (5) Prototype Drafting, (6) Testing, and (7) Final Report Improvement.
3. Experimenting with the Creation of an Experience-Based Learning System. The results for the communities are: (1) community maps of Ban Phu Bo Bit, Ban Kang Pla, and Ban Tiu; (2) systematic spatial data; (3) community-institution collaboration; (4) the emergence of modern data management concepts; (5) participation in surveys and planning; and (6) awareness of the value of spatial data for long-term development.
4. The overall evaluation of the teaching system was at the highest level (= 4.74, S.D. = 0.93 ).
5. The knowledge gained from the research is the (GIT) CIPOF PLAN, which is a geographic information system for Experience-Based Learning to develop learning effectively and sustainably.

Guidelines for Strengthening Cultural Identity based on Integrated Buddhism of the Tai Lue ethnic group, Mae Tha District, Lampang Province.

Phramaha Sahapon Chumpoo, Narunee Srisuk, Phrakru Sutachayaporn Khiawsuk — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research has a qualitative research design using the concepts of identity, social and cultural theories, globalization, coexistence, Tai Lue ethnic groups, and local context as the research framework. The research area is the Tai Lue ethnic group in Mae Tha District, Lampang Province. There are 20 key informant target groups and 6 focus group discussions using a specific key informant selection technique. In-depth interviews are used as the research tool. Content data analysis and descriptive data presentation are presented. The research results found that:
1. Tai Lue migrated from Xishuangbanna, China, to settle in northern Thailand. They possess a distinctive identity through their way of life, beliefs, and language. They currently face challenges in passing this cultural heritage on to the next generation, with community and government cooperation for its preservation.
2. Tai Lue in Mae Tha District, Lampang Province, have strengthened their cultural identity by combining traditional ways of life, beliefs in ancestral spirits, with Buddhist principles. They have adapted to the modern era economically and socially, with support from many sectors. This enables the preservation of culture and peaceful coexistence.
3. The research proposes a sustainable approach to integrating traditional Tai Lue culture with Buddhist principles, focusing on promoting language and clothing among youth, organizing food festivals, and establishing the Mae Tha Tai Lue Cultural Council, based on various principles, such as the Four Sangkhawatthu and the Four Lay Dhammas, and integrating with all sectors.

Model The Buddhist Community Readiness Model for Entering the Aging Society of Tambon Tha Pha, Ko Kha District, Lampang Province

Praiwon Jailar, Narunee Srisuk, Phrakru Sutchayaporn — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research is a qualitative research approach, as the following theoretical frameworks: the concept of preparedness, the concept of vitality, the concept of health promotion, the concept of Buddhist principles, and the concept of social welfare. The research area was Tha Pha Subdistrict, Ko Kha District, Lampang Province, and consisted of 20 key informants. The research utilized a purposive sampling technique, in-depth interviews, and content analysis followed by descriptive writing. The results revealed:
1. Tha Pha Subdistrict systematically prepared for an aging society in accordance with the Livable City policy, covering all dimensions, including health, economy, environment, and society.
2. Buddhist community welfare provision for an aging society has developed from a self-reliant past to a current state of support from the public and private sectors, using Dhamma principles as the core to ensure sustainability.
3. The model for Buddhist community preparation for an aging society in Tha Pha Subdistrict integrates holistic care, using Buddhist as the core, with a development approach emphasizing participation from all sectors to create a sustainable Buddhist-based community.
Preparation for an aging society integrates holistic care based on Buddhist principles, with temples center as the primary driving force, along with elderly schools and collaborative networks to improve the quality of life of the elderly in all aspects, including health, economy, and society, which can be applied to the lives of the elderly and to planning to prepare for an aging society past future.

Development of Activities and Models for Promoting the Administration of the Sangha in Muang District, Lampang Province.

Phramaha Amorn Loed-amornwattana, Phrakru Sirithambundit , Narunee Srisuk — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: (1) study the administration of the Sangha; (2) study the development of Sangha administration activities and formats; and (3) propose a model for promoting Sangha administration in Mueang District, Lampang Province. A qualitative research approach was used, utilizing concepts related to the development of Sangha administration activities, the development of Sangha administration activities, and Sangha administration as the research framework. The research area was the Sangha administrative area in Mueang District, Lampang Province, and included 27 key informants. Purposive selection was conducted using in-depth interviews and content analysis, and descriptive data were presented. The research findings revealed that:
1. Sangha administration in Mueang Lampang District operates under a clear structure, but still faces problems of personnel shortages, budget constraints, and the use of modern technology. Key negative factors include the poor leadership of some Sangha administrators, the declining number of monks, and declining public faith.
2. The development of activities and management models for the Sangha in Muang Lampang District aims to address these issues through the use of technology and modern management principles. This includes adjusting governance to include workshops for developing religious education online and creating a charitable fund. Furthermore, digital media is being used for dissemination and fundraising, as well as the creation of a volunteer database. All of this address’s personnel, budget, and faith crises, enabling more sustainable and modern work.
3. The promotion model for the Sangha in Muang Lampang District should focus on six areas of development, particularly the creation of a digital database for administration and propagation. Management should be participatory, and the principles of abstinence and the seven virtues of goodness should be applied for efficiency and sustainability.

Factors Affecting Undergraduate Enrollment Decisions among Students of Buddhasothorn Buddhist College, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were to study the factors influencing the decision to pursue a bachelor’s degree, to compare the factors affecting such decisions among students of Buddhasothorn Buddhist College, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, and to present the influencing factors based on the application of the Four Paths to Success (Iddhipada 4). This study employed a quantitative research design. The research area was Phutthasothon Buddhist College, and the sample consisted of 150 undergraduate students selected through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Hypotheses were tested using the t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the study revealed that:
1. The overall and individual aspects of the factors influencing students’ decisions to pursue a bachelor’s degree were rated at a high level.
2. When comparing the factors influencing students’ decisions by gender, age, and average monthly family income, no statistically significant differences were found at the .05 level. However, when classified by field of study, statistically significant differences were found at the .05 level.
3. Regarding the presentation of influencing factors based on the application of the Four Paths to Success (Iddhipada 4), it was found that students’ decisions consisted of confidence or aspiration (Chanda), effort or perseverance (Viriya), stimulated by perceived value and career opportunities, determination (Citta) arising from inspiration through clear information, and reflection or reasoning (Vimamsa) through consideration of physical conditions and advice from others.