Journal of MCU Buddhasothorn Review

Ethics of Educational Leaders in an Era of Change

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to present the ethical considerations of an educational leadership in an era of change. The good leaders must possess the fundamental ethical elements, which are crucial mechanisms for driving some educational institutions to achieve their goals and effectiveness.

These ethical standards define the competence, the potential, the competence, and the characteristics that contribute to the successful achievement of some educational objectives. The rapid changes in a multicultural society with increasing some individual demands in the various forms of capitalism, materialism, and socialism, can lead to the weak leaders into the failure when have been adequately considered or beware of any ethical issues.

These can affect in both negative attitudes and view of the leaders among the number of followers in some organizations. Such those perceptions negatively impact in the various aspects of their work, potentially damaging the organization's image or the education system, and especially affecting students directly and indirectly.

Therefore, the educational administrators in the digital age, utilizing diverse information and technology for transparency in decision-making, must adhere to the principle of the accountability, protect the interests, and implement the corrective mechanisms. These foster the positive work environment and the effective ethical leadership within the educational organizations.

Approaches to studying the Buddhist scriptures in the modern era

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to present the contemporary approach to studying the Pali Canon amidst the challenges of translation and preserving the purity of the Buddha's teachings.
The study found that historical teachings were distorted due to the influence of local beliefs or Animism, and later sects such as the Anāgatavaṃsa sect, which emphasized the extreme acts of merit-making contrary to the Middle Way, because the main problems are the significant discrepancy between the literal and semantic translations, the translator’s biases, and the translation errors into the second language.

The proposed approach to preserving the Buddha's teachings comprises of the four main elements: (1) mastering the Pali language as the language responsible for preserving the Buddha's words; 2) studying the Pali Canon alongside commentaries and sub-commentaries to understand the complex sentences and the semantics; (3) applying the Four Great Principles (Mahāpadesa 4) to verify the consistency with the Dhamma-Vinaya; and (4) utilizing some information technology for the rapid comparison and verification.
Therefore, these approaches will enable the researchers to access the essence of the Dhamma and accurately preserve the Buddha's teachings in the present era.

A Comparative Study of The Principle of Non-violence in Theravada Buddhism and Jainism

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article provides a comparative study of the principle of an ahimsa (non-violence) in Theravada Buddhism and Jainism. In Theravada Buddhism, the ahimsa means to no harming oneself or others; it is the virtue of virtuous people. Non-violence leads to happiness in the world through three aspects: refraining from harming with body, speech, and mind, and it is judged with or based on doer’s intention. Principles support people to the ahimsa, including the loving-kindness, compassion, non-hatred, non-malice, and the seven virtues of a good person. The application of ahimsa can be done within the moral level as the fundamental ethical principle under the form of the Middle Way (Majjhima Patipada) in daily life.
In Jainism, the ahimsa means to refraining from harming even the smallest living beings, recognizing that these beings possess consciousness. It represents treatment of all things within the context of life. The basic ahimsa is the supreme virtue or the most important teaching among all Jainism doctrines. It comprises of the three aspects: non-violence through body, speech, and mind, judged by one’s intention. The principles lead to the best ahimsa, including the loving-kindness, the empathy, and the compassion for daily life and society.
The concept of non-violence (ahimsa) in Theravada Buddhism and Jainism shares similarities in its meaning, types, criteria, beneficial principles, and application, however, they differ in their significance. In the Theravada Buddhism views, the non-violence is the virtuous principle and the important part of the Eightfold Path, emphasizing its core teachings. Jainism, on the other hand, considers the non-violence supreme, the highlighting self-mortification as a virtue, while also emphasizing the wisdom and the Middle Way (Majjhima Patipada). In broad terms, Buddhism and Jainism share many similarities in their core principles.

Factors Affecting Decision Making in Exercising Their Rights to Elect the President of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Administrative Organization of the People at Mueang District in Chaiyaphum Province

Wanrawee Seangseeda; Phaitoon Mamuangt, PhramahaNarin Emphan — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of the research were (1) to study the level of decision for using the rights to elect the President of the Chaiyaphum provincial administrative organization of the people at Mueang District in Chaiyaphum Province, (2) to study the factors of the decision for using the rights to elect, (3) to present the principles of Sangahavatthudhamma for deciding and using the rights to elect. The research methodology was the mixed method. For the qualitative research, some data were collected from 10 key informants with the deep interviews and for the quantitative research, some data were collected with the questionnaires of 399 samples. The tools were the questionnaires and the interview formats. The data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson test, and descriptive interpretation. The findings revealed that:
1. The level of decision-making to exercise the voting rights in the Presidential election of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Administrative Organization was found that it was at a high level in both overall and each aspect from all aspects.
2. The influenced factors for the decision to exercise the voting rights revealed that: (1) the Four Principles of Sangahavatthu had the statistically significant influence at the .01 level; and (2) the four influenced factors among the electoral decision-making were statistically significance at the .01 level.
3. The applied guidelines to promote the decision and exercise the voting rights based on the principles of Sangahavatthu revealed that voters’ decision-making comprised these Dhamma factors; there are the sacrifice for the community, giving (dana), the courteous and constructive communication (piyavaca), the beneficial conduct and exemplary leadership (atthacariya), and the promotion of the social equality and impartiality (samanattata).

Application of Agati Dhamma for Promoting Political Leadership Among Municipal Executives at Phu Khieo District in Chaiyaphum Province

Chatmongkol Wongtham; Phramaha Narin Emphan, Sunait Thanasinlapaphichit — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: (1) examine the level of political leadership among the municipal executives in Phu Khiao District, Chaiyaphum Province; (2) investigate the relationship between the Buddhist principle of impartiality (freedom from the Four Prejudices, or Agati) and their political leadership; and (3) propose the guidelines for the application of this principle to enhance their political leadership. This study employed the mixed-methods research design. For the quantitative phase, the data were collected from some sample of 397 participants by using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using the descriptive statistics, including the frequency, the percentage, the mean, and the standard deviation. Hypotheses were tested by using the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. For the qualitative phase, some data were gathered from the nine key informants through in-depth interviews, which were then subjected to descriptive analysis.
The findings revealed that: (1) The overall level of political leadership among the executives was at the high (x̄ =4.01)., (2) The relationship between the principle of impartiality and political leadership was found that the statistically significant or strong positive correlation was at high (R = .956**). (3) For the application of these Buddhist principles to enhance the political leadership, the study suggests that the executives should demonstrate the profound knowledge, the competence, and the confidence in the problem-solving; possess the strong ideological convictions and the steadfast commitment to the important morality and ethics; prioritize the both task accomplishment and collegial well-being; uphold the righteousness even when facing some pressure or threats; and actively engage in the exchange of ideas with colleagues to foster some innovation and embrace the new challenges.

Political Leadership according to the Principles of Sangahavatthudhamma of the Administrators of the Subdistrict Administrative Organization at Nong Bua Daeng District in Chaiyaphum Province

Nittaya Boonkhuntod; Sunait Thanasinlapaphichit, Phaitoon Mamuangt — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: (1) investigate the level of political leadership among Chief Executives of Sub-district Administrative Organizations (SAOs) in Nong Bua Daeng District, Chaiyaphum Province; (2) compare the political leadership of these executives, classified by personal factors; and (3) propose a political leadership model based on the Sangahavatthudhamma for these executives. The mixed-methods approach was employed for this study. The quantitative data were collected from some sample of 399 participants by using questionnaires. The statistical analysis of these data involved by calculating the frequency, the percentage, the mean, and the standard deviation by hypothesis testing. The qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 10 key informants, and the resulting data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.
The results found that:
1. The overall level of political leadership among Chief Executives of Subdistrict Administrative Organizations, was at the high level (x̄= 3.51).
2. The comparison of the political leadership styles of subdistrict administrative organization executives, categorized by personal factors was revealed that people with the different genders, ages, education levels, occupations, and incomes exhibit the significantly different political leadership styles at the 0.05 statistical significance level; therefore, the research hypothesis is accepted.
3. The political leadership based on the administrators, principles of Sanghahavatthudhamma (principles of social harmony) in sub-district administrative organization through the applied four principles of Sanghahavatthudhamma, was the key approach to enhance the political leadership and fosters the acceptance and cooperation with the publics, including to effectively and sustainably manage the local affairs. Therefore, all of the leaders should possess; (1) the generosity: they should have a public-spirited attitude and the generous power; (2) the pleasant speech by communicating with the polite action and language and listening to the reasons of the people. (3) Atthachariya was meant to perform some duties for the benefit of the community with genuine sincerity. (4) Samanattata was meant to equally treat for everyone without discrimination.

Hour of Pali Canon: The Arrangement of Study Periods for Memory Ability of Pali Students in Chaiyaphum Province

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study the design of class schedules to enhance the memorization ability of Pali students. The research area was included the Pali religious education centers and the Buddhist monastic schools in Chaiyaphum province. The research population consisted of 978 Pali students, with the sample size of 326 students. The research instrument was some questionnaires and data were analyzed by using the basic statistics such as the mean and the percentage. The research design employed the mixed-methods approach, combining the quantitative and qualitative research which was used in-depth interviews with the purposive sampling, and the analyzed data, according to the research objectives.
The research results were found that:
1. The knowledge act of the learning time design implemented the potency and success in studying of the Pali students as follows: (1) Chanda or Will creates the peaceful, clean and aspiring atmosphere of learning such as arranging the classrooms with the Pali lessons. (2) Viriya or Effort is the energy to make the students able to memorize better, deeply understand and encouraged the students in the Buddha dhamma studies. (3) Citta or Thoughfulness makes the students always interested in and focus on the learning process. When they had the concentration and mindfulness, they could have the exact and the long lasting memory. (4) Vimamsa or Investigation leads all knowledge in learning Pali not only through diligence and mindfulness, but also thinking, analyzing and always self-assessing as well.
2. Creating the innovative learning experiences by updating the modern content and presentation, connecting with the Pali language in the real life, and building the positive learning environment that allows learners to express their opinions.
3. Setting or managing of the learning time helps assess the learning levels and the effective success when the learning time, review and resting in order to take the data to better develop the learning time management.

Guidelines for Good Governance Management of School Administrators under Chiang Rai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

nattapon jaikham; Narissara Suaklay — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study the good governance administration among the school administrators under the Chiang Rai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 and to explore the development approaches. This mixed methods research design was employed with the 86 administrators in some primary educational service schools as the sample group. The research instruments were included with the 5-level rating scale, some questionnaire and some semi-structured interviews with the 5 experts. The data were analyzed by using the frequency, the percentage, the mean, the standard deviation, and the content analysis.

The findings revealed that overview of the good governance administration was at the high level, ranking by the mean scores from the highest to lowest level: these virtues were the transparency, the disclosure, the equality, the rule of law, the morality and the ethics, the participation and the consensus orientation, the decentralization, the accountability and the audibility, the effectiveness, the efficiency, and the responsiveness.

The governance guidelines for the school administrators under the Chiang Rai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 consist of reducing the work procedures and the timeframes, responding to stakeholder needs, building the trust and the confidence, supporting the work auditing systems, regularly disclosing the essential information, operating with the fairness and the justice, creating the equal access to services for disadvantaged groups, providing the opportunities for stakeholders to participate in decision-making, delegating the roles and responsibilities to the local government or other sectors, and maintaining the good human relations with the powerful courtesy and goodwill.

A Study of Learning Achievement on Buddhist Principles Using Cooperative Learning with STAD Technique for Grade 4 Students at Samsennok (Pracharatanukul) School

Phramaha Sathian Khamrueang; Pannarai Subsandee — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were to: (1) develop the cooperative learning activities by using the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) technique on the Buddhist principles for Grade 4 students; (2) compare students’ knowledge achievement before and after learning; and (3) examine students’ satisfaction with the learning activities. The sample consisted of 35 students at the Grade 4 in the Samsennok (Pracharat Anukul) School during the second semester of the 2025 academic year, selected through cluster sampling. The research instruments included 10 STAD-based lesson plans, a 20-item learning achievement test, and one piece of the satisfaction questionnaire with the 15 items. The data statistics were used for the analysis with the mean, the standard deviation, and the dependent samples t-test.
The findings revealed that: (1) the quality of the developed the cooperative learning activities by using the STAD technique on the Buddhist principles was at the highest level of appropriateness; (2) students’ post-learning achievement was significantly higher than their pre-learning achievement at the .05 level (t = 13.56, p < .05); and (3) in the overview, the students’ satisfaction with the STAD learning activities was at the highest level.