Academic Journal of the Northern Rajabhat University Graduate Network

1 Service Gaps and Customer Expectations in EV Battery Service Businesses in Upper Northern Thailand: Implications for Independent Service Centers and Circular Economy–Based Business Models

2026-04-21T00:00:39+07:00

This study examines service gaps in electric vehicle (EV) battery service businesses in Upper Northern Thailand and proposes sustainable business model strategies for independent service providers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing questionnaires and open-ended questions. Quantitative data from 370 EV users were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests, while qualitative insights were evaluated via thematic analysis. The analytical framework integrates the 8Ps service marketing mix with the service expectation gap theory. The results indicate statistically significant gaps (p < .05) across most service dimensions, particularly in product reliability, pricing transparency, technical expertise, and service accessibility. Structural challenges include restrictive battery-replacement practices and limited service infrastructure in remote areas. The findings also reveal that peer-based knowledge sharing significantly influences consumer trust, while traditional marketing has minimal impact.

The study proposes a decentralized “repair-first” model that incorporates modular battery repair and hub-and-spoke service networks aligned with circular economy principles. Policy implications highlight the need for public–private collaboration to support SME capability development in advanced diagnostics and regulatory reform regarding the "right to repair" for fair repair practices and fair market competition.

2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPONENTS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION THROUGH PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH IN EXPANDED EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY SCHOOLS

2026-03-22T23:12:58+07:00

This study aimed to: 1)examine the components of school administration through participatory action research processes in educational opportunity expansion schools, and 2) assess the priority needs of school administration components using a participatory action research process in educational opportunity expansion schools. The appropriateness and feasibility of existing school administration components were evaluated by 9 experts, and priority needs were examined among a sample of 370 school administrators. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and data were analyzed using the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI _modified).

The findings revealed that: 1) school administration through participatory action research processes in educational opportunity expansion schools comprised six components: collaborative problem diagnosis, participatory planning, collaborative plan implementation, reflection and improvement, a learning community, and facilitative leadership for participation;
and 2) expert evaluation of appropriateness and feasibility indicated that, overall, the level of appropriateness was at the highest level, while the level of feasibility was at a high level. The Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI modified) for school administration, developed through participatory action research processes in educational opportunity expansion schools, yielded a mean value of 0.191.

Journal of Graduate Studies in Northern Rajabhat Universities

2026-06-29T13:59:13+07:00